Particle Physics Beyond Colliders

标准模型成功地描述了从亚原子到星系尺度的现象，并在某些情况下被验证到10-12级。尽管标准模型取得了巨大的成功，但它仍然是不完整的。理论中参数的来源，例如。希格斯粒子的质量还有待了解，而占宇宙质量很大一部分的暗物质的性质仍然是个谜。 我从物理学的广泛领域中汲取了一些想法，提出了解决这些长期存在的问题的新的理论想法，并将理论与实验联系起来，并将天体物理观测与对撞机搜索相补充。这种方法的动机是在物理学的其他领域以及理论上的进步。例如，在原子干涉测量中，原子可以发现自己处于间隔半米的量子态的叠加中，持续约一秒钟。电偶极矩的测量也达到了前所未有的精确水平;它们可以检测到电子上的电荷不对称性，这种电荷不对称性非常小，以至于如果电子被吹到地球的大小，它将对应于确定地球的质心相对于电荷中心的距离小于原子的大小！ 与我的学生一起，我的研究计划将寻求新的方法，使这些进步可以用来检测新的力量以及DM。在2009年，我们证明了弦紧化的复杂性产生了大量极轻的粒子，它们与标准模型的相互作用很弱。这个想法已经发展成为一个新的领域，并将涉及重大的国际实验。 这些粒子如果被发现，将是这种结构的间接证据，为所谓的精确前沿的新实验提供最好的理论动力。这些实验可以在比对撞机小得多的规模上探测自然，但具有相同的潜在影响。 粒子物理学数据的黄金时代继续与天体物理学和引力波天文学。先进的LIGO是第一个探测引力波的实验。我表明，通过黑洞（BH）的超辐射效应，它可以诊断存在的光玻色子的康普顿波长类似于天体物理BH，可以在LIGO检测到。我打算探索这个天体物理探测器的全部潜力。最后，由弦论激发的极轻粒子提出了一个新的暗物质图像，它具有吸引力的自相互作用，改变了宇宙的小尺度结构，并可能提供另一个极低频率的引力波辐射源;寻找这种特征的天体物理实验可以为我们寻找DM提供新的线索。 鉴于拟议的实验可以在短短五年内得出结果，我的计划可以迅速提升加拿大作为基础物理学世界先驱的地位，同时培养新一代科学领导人。

The Standard Model successfully describes phenomena from subatomic to galactic scales and has been verified to the 10-12 level in some cases. Despite its immense success, the Standard Model is incomplete. The origin of the parameters in the theory, eg. the Higgs mass, are yet to be understood and the nature of the Dark Matter, which accounts for a huge part of the mass of the universe, remains a mystery. I have drawn together ideas from wide-ranging areas of physics to propose novel theoretical ideas addressing these longstanding problems, and to connect theory with experiments, and astrophysical observations complementary to collider searches. This approach is motivated both by advances in other fields of physics as well as theoretically. For example, in atom interferometry an atom can find itself in a superposition of quantum states separated by half a meter for about one second. Searches for electric dipole moments have also reached an unprecedented precision level; they can detect a charge asymmetry on the electron so small that, were the electron blown up to earth's size, it would correspond to determining the center of mass of the earth relative to the center of charge to a distance smaller than the size of the atom! Together with my students, my research program will seek novel ways in which these advances can be used to detect new forces as well as DM. In 2009, we showed that the complexity of string compactifications gives rise to a plenitude of particles that are extremely light and interact with the Standard Model weakly. This idea has grown into a new field and will involve major international experiments. These particles, if discovered, would be indirect evidence of such a structure, providing the best theoretical motivation behind new experiments at the so-called precision frontier. These experiments can probe Nature at a scale much smaller than colliders but with the same potential impact. A golden era of data for Particle Physics continues with astrophysics and gravitational wave astronomy. Advanced LIGO is the first experiment to detect gravitational waves. I showed that through the effect of Black Hole (BH) Superradiance, it can diagnose the presence of light bosons whose Compton wavelength is similar to that of astrophysical BHs and can be detected at LIGO. I intend to explore the full potential of this astrophysical probe. Finally, the extremely light particles motivated by string theory suggest a novel picture of Dark Matter with attractive self-interactions changing the small scale structure of the universe, and possibly providing another source of gravitational wave radiation at extremely low frequencies; astrophysical experiments looking for such signatures can shed new light on our search for DM. Given that the proposed experiments can give results in as little as five years, my program can quickly boost Canada's position as a world pioneer in fundamental physics while training a new generation of scientific leaders.