Nonperturbative Dynamics in the Standard Model and Beyond

过去的十年是标准模型(SM)的胜利，它是Strong的领域理论框架 和弱电相互作用。最终的两个事件是：a)建立了 相对论重离子对撞机上的夸克-胶子物质和b)125GeV希格斯粒子的发现 大型强子对撞机(LHC)的玻色子。此外，在过去的几十年里，这种显著的重叠 凝聚态物质和相对论物理学在物理学中似乎不同的领域发生了。这是特别的 在石墨烯(一个原子厚的碳原子片)中清楚地表现出来。一些众所周知的现象，如 克莱因悖论，超临界电荷的动力学，以及狄拉克质量的动态产生 在相对论场论中揭示的磁场(磁催化)首次在 石墨烯。 尽管如此，SM理论中仍然有一些悬而未决的问题，例如夸克质量谱的起源和 以及有限密度、有限温度下的量子色动力学(QCD)相图。 在外部电磁场中。这些问题要么与未知有关，要么与人们了解甚少有关 量子场论中的非微扰动力学。 本项目将致力于以下三个主要方向的非微扰动力学研究：a) 外加电磁场中稠密相对论物质的动力学及其在重离子中的表现 碰撞和天体物理学(磁星)，b)夸克质量谱的起源问题，以及 轻子，以及c)我还计划继续研究像凝聚态这样的相对论系统 作为石墨烯和狄拉克和韦尔半金属，使用量子场论中发展起来的先进方法 (值得注意的是，狄拉克的半金属片是最近制作的，也就是2013年秋天)。 在这个项目中获得的结果将与：a)理解致密恒星的物理， 特别是磁星，以及RHIC和LHC实验中的重离子碰撞；b)了解起源 夸克和轻子质量和Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa质量矩阵；c)动力学和输运的描述 石墨烯和Dirac/Weyl半金属中的现象。

The last decade was triumphal for the Standard Model (SM), which is the field theoretical framework for strong and electroweak interactions. The two culminating events were: a) the creation of the deconfinement phase of the quark-gluon matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and b) the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Besides that, during past decades, a remarkable overlap of such seemingly different areas in physics as condensed matter and relativistic physics took place. It was especially clearly manifested in graphene (one atom thick sheet of carbon atoms). Such well known phenomena as the Klein paradox, the dynamics of a supercritical charge, and the dynamical generation of a Dirac mass in a magnetic field (magnetic catalysis), revealed in relativistic field theory, were first observed in studies of graphene. Still, there are unresolved problems in the SM theory, such as the origin of the mass spectrum of quarks and leptons, and the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at finite density, finite temperature, and in external electromagnetic fields. These problems are connected either with still unknown or poorly understood nonperturbative dynamics in quantum field theory. This project will be devoted to studies of nonperturbative dynamics in the following three main directions: a) the dynamics of dense relativistic matter in external electromagnetic fields and its manifestations in heavy ion collisions and astrophysics (magnetars), b) the problem of the origin of the mass spectrum of quarks and leptons, and c) I am also planning to continue the studies of such relativistic like condensed matter systems as graphene and Dirac and Weyl semimetals by using advanced methods developed in quantum field theory (it is noticeable that Dirac semimetals were produced very recently, in the fall of 2013). The results obtained in this project will be relevant for: a) understanding the physics of compact stars, in particular, magnetars, and for heavy ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC experiments; b) understanding the origin of quarks and lepton masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mass matrix; c) description of dynamics and transport phenomena in graphene and Dirac/Weyl semimetals.