Synchrotron studies of selenium environmental chemistry
硒环境化学的同步加速器研究
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2016-05810
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 4.44万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Selenium in the environment. As a micronutrient element required for all kingdoms of life, selenium (Se) is one of the least abundant micronutrients in the earth’s crust. World Se distribution is highly variable; while Canada’s prairie soils are among the richest yielding higher Se crops, globally soils are more likely to provide inadequate Se. Moreover, Se has a smaller difference between sufficient and excess dietary amounts than perhaps any other element. There is growing concern over slightly elevated Se in aqueous environments in several areas of Canada due to mining or other anthropogenic activities, since bioaccumulation of Se can cause problems for top predators. This delicate balance between insufficient and excess is just one challenge of Se.
Selenium in organisms. The twenty-first amino acid selenocysteine occurs in active sites of key enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. In addition Se has enigmatic biological interactions with toxic elements including mercury, arsenic and cadmium. While some Se chemical forms can protect against such elements, in other scenarios Se can increase toxicity. Although the former is at least partly understood, the latter mechanisms remain a mystery.
Objectives. The program seeks a holistic view of the roles and interactions of Se at the molecular level both in the environment and in impacting human health. Knowing the chemical form of Se is key to understanding its function and impact, whether detrimental, benign or beneficial.
Scientific approach. Building upon career contributions, the program will use and develop synchrotron techniques, sharing refinements with the research community especially at the Canadian Light Source BioXAS beamlines where the applicant is scientific co-lead. X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides speciation information while X-ray fluorescence imaging yields microscopic elemental distributions in biological samples with little pretreatment. Studies will include structural characterization of purified biomolecules to determine Se functions. Other projects will address Se distribution, chemical forms and interactions with other elements in plants and animal models in order to understand underlying mechanisms.
Training. Highly qualified personnel trained through cross-disciplinary projects to use and develop specialized synchrotron tools will be more generally adept at adapting technologies to solve problems, positioning them for high profile careers.
Strategic relevance. High soil Se in Canada’s prairies leads to crops rich in Se, potentially increasing their nutritional value. Conversely, slightly elevated Se in mining runoff can be environmentally problematic. Both positive and negative faces of Se have significant economic consequences. This work advances understanding of Se’s contrasting roles in living organisms, essential in assessing both positive and negative aspects of Se in Canada.
环境中的硒。作为所有生命王国所需的微量营养素,硒(Se)是地壳中含量最低的微量营养素之一。世界上的硒分布是高度多变的;虽然加拿大的草原土壤是产量最高的高硒作物之一,但全球土壤更有可能提供不足的硒。此外,硒在饮食充足和过量之间的差异可能比任何其他元素都要小。人们越来越担心,由于采矿或其他人为活动,加拿大几个地区的水环境中Se略有升高,因为Se的生物积累可能会给顶级捕食者带来问题。这种不足和过剩之间的微妙平衡只是Se面临的挑战之一。
生物体中的硒。第二十一个氨基酸硒半胱氨酸存在于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等关键酶的活性部位。此外,硒与汞、砷和镉等有毒元素具有神秘的生物相互作用。虽然一些硒的化学形式可以防止这些元素,但在其他情况下,硒可能会增加毒性。尽管对前者至少有部分了解,但后一种机制仍然是个谜。
目标。该计划寻求从整体上了解硒在环境和影响人类健康中的分子水平上的作用和相互作用。了解Se的化学形态是了解其功能和影响的关键,无论是有害的、有益的还是有益的。
科学的方法。在事业贡献的基础上,该计划将使用和开发同步加速器技术,与研究社区共享改进,特别是在加拿大光源BioXAS光束线上,申请者是科学共同领导。X射线吸收光谱提供形态信息,而X射线荧光成像在生物样品中获得微观元素分布,而不需要进行多少前处理。研究将包括纯化生物分子的结构特征,以确定Se的功能。其他项目将研究硒在植物和动物模型中的分布、化学形态以及与其他元素的相互作用,以了解潜在的机制。
训练。通过跨学科项目培训的高素质人员使用和开发专门的同步加速器工具将更擅长于采用技术来解决问题,为他们的高调职业生涯做好准备。
战略相关性。加拿大大草原土壤中的高Se导致作物富含Se,潜在地增加了它们的营养价值。相反,采矿径流中的Se略有升高可能会对环境造成问题。Se的正面和负面都会产生重大的经济后果。这项工作促进了对硒在活体中的不同作用的理解,这对于评估加拿大硒的积极和消极方面至关重要。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Pickering, Ingrid其他文献
Pickering, Ingrid的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Pickering, Ingrid', 18)}}的其他基金
Chemistry of Selenium in Life and Interplay with Toxic Elements
生命中硒的化学性质及其与有毒元素的相互作用
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2022-04959 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Molecular Environmental Science
分子环境科学
- 批准号:
CRC-2019-00162 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Molecular Environmental Science
分子环境科学
- 批准号:
CRC-2019-00162 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
INSPIRE. Interdisciplinary Network for the Synchrotron: Promoting Innovation, Research, and Enrichment
启发。
- 批准号:
555378-2021 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Collaborative Research and Training Experience
Synchrotron studies of selenium environmental chemistry
硒环境化学的同步加速器研究
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05810 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Molecular Environmental Science
分子环境科学
- 批准号:
1000228315-2012 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Synchrotron studies of selenium environmental chemistry
硒环境化学的同步加速器研究
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05810 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Molecular Environmental Science
分子环境科学
- 批准号:
CRC-2019-00162 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Molecular Environmental Science
分子环境科学
- 批准号:
1000228315-2012 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Synchrotron studies of selenium environmental chemistry
硒环境化学的同步加速器研究
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05810 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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Synchrotron studies of selenium environmental chemistry
硒环境化学的同步加速器研究
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$ 4.44万 - 项目类别:
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