Detecting brain signals using electroencephalography and functional near infrared spectroscopy

所要求的fNIR/EEG系统（功能性近红外光谱/脑电图）系统将为许多多学科研究人员提供映射神经功能的机会，以便在与脑机接口交互时更好地预测有效的电极放置。脑机接口是那些允许个人使用从头皮表面收集信号的计算机的系统。虽然脑电图可以快速准确地检测信号，但很难识别针对运动、认知和感觉控制的特定任务中产生信号的潜在神经区域。先前的研究表明，患有神经损伤的个体会改变脑电图信号，我们发现这抑制了脑机接口的有效使用。所要求的系统可用于绘制同一位置的脑电图和近红外信号，从而更好地绘制神经活动的位置。脑机接口的脑电图电极的位置可以用来检测可重复的脑电波信号。该方法在识别EEG电极放置方面具有革命性意义，并将增加脑机接口的成功使用。所要求的系统将被安置在金斯顿总医院的建筑和设计辅助技术实验室。该实验室与KINARM机器人配套使用。这个机器人是一个外骨骼，用于虚拟现实游戏来评估神经系统人群的功能。KINARM将与fNIR/EEG系统结合使用，以识别特定于运动、认知和感觉任务的神经活动区域。通过个性化的神经图像和定制的映射算法，有针对性的EEG电极放置将允许与脑机接口接触。对于那些没有其他形式与环境互动的人群，如脑瘫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症或四肢瘫痪等严重损伤的人群，计算机接入可以使他们与社区进行交流和积极参与。我们相信这是世界上第一次尝试基于神经成像来定位特定的电极位置。

The requested fNIR/EEG system (functional near infrared spectroscopy/electroencephalography) system will provide a number of multidisciplinary researchers the opportunity to map neural function to better predict effective electrode placement when interacting with brain computer interfaces. Brain computer interfaces are those systems that allow an individual to use a computer with signals collected from the surface of the scalp. While EEG can detect signals quickly and accurately, it is difficult to identify the underlying neural regions that contribute to the signal during specific tasks targeted to motor, cognitive and sensory control. Previous research has shown that individuals with neurological impairment have altered EEG signals and we have found that this inhibits effective use with a brain computer interface. The system requested can be used to map the EEG and the fNIR signals at the same location allowing a better mapping of the locations of neural activity. The placement of EEG electrodes for brain computer interfaces can then be targeted to detect repeatable brain wave signals. This method is revolutionary in identifying EEG electrode placement and will increase the successful use of brain computer interfaces. The requested system will be housed at the Building and Designing Assistive Technology Lab located at the Kingston General Hospital. This lab is collocated with the KINARM robot. This robot is an exoskeleton which is used with virtual reality gaming to evaluate function in neurological populations. The KINARM will be used in combination with this fNIR/EEG system to identify regions of neural activity specific to motor, cognitive and sensory tasks. With individualized neural imagery and customized mapping algorithms, targeted EEG electrode placement will allow engagement with brain computer interfaces. For populations who have no other form of interacting with the environment such as those with high level impairment in the form of cerebral palsy, ALS, or quadriplegia, computer access allows communication and active engagement with the community. We believe this is the first attempt worldwide to target specific electrode positions based on neural imagery for neurological populations.