Gauge Dynamics and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

超越标准模型的规范动力学和物理

• 批准号: SAPIN-2014-00024
• 负责人: Ritz, Adam
• 金额: $ 7.29万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=617931
• 关键词: Gauge; Dynamics; Physics; Beyond; Standard

Modern particle physics faces a conflicted picture. On one hand, experimental data has led to a remarkably precise verification of the `Standard Model' (SM), culminating in the LHC's discovery of a SM-like Higgs boson in 2012. On the other hand, tremendous quantitative advances in observational cosmology show that, despite its success, there is much that the SM cannot explain on cosmological scales, most prominently dark matter. This empirical puzzle, combined with various more theoretical concerns about the SM, motivates further theoretical work in multiple directions: to analyze a wide range of channels in the search for signs of new physics; and at the same time to explore the primary structures of the SM in greater depth, to better understand its success. The objectives of my research proposal are motivated by this dual perspective.Progress in our understanding of gauge field theories, the building blocks of the SM, is important at both a foundational level, and also for developing new calculational tools to describe the behaviour of matter in extreme regimes. One aspect of the proposed research focuses on the real-time dynamical behaviour of gauge theories at finite temperature, which near equilibrium can be described using hydrodynamics. A goal is to better understand the connections between these two approaches, by combining the tools of quantum field theory with new holographic methods, which have emerged from string theory. This has a range of possible applications, but an important (motivating) scenario is the strongly-interacting dynamics of QCD (the gauge theory of the strong nuclear interactions), in regimes that are explored in experiments such as RHIC and the LHC which collide heavy ions. The second strand of my proposal is more data-driven and aims to study scenarios and detection channels for empirically motivated physics beyond the Standard Model, such as dark matter. The emphasis is on the use of systematic effective field theory techniques to fully exploit high precision and high luminosity experiments, which are often indirectly sensitive to a much wider range of energy scales than are directly achievable at high energy colliders. The primary questions to be addressed include, what mechanism determines the relic asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe (which requires new "CP-violating" interactions); and also how best to probe the identity of dark matter, either directly in underground labs, using medium-energy fixed-target experiments and colliders, or indirectly through observations of cosmology, the galaxy, and stellar physics.

现代粒子物理学面临着一幅矛盾的画面。一方面，实验数据导致了对“标准模型”（SM）的非常精确的验证，最终在2012年LHC发现了类似SM的希格斯玻色子。另一方面，观测宇宙学在定量方面的巨大进步表明，尽管它取得了成功，但在宇宙学尺度上，还有很多东西是SM无法解释的，最突出的是暗物质。这个经验之谜，再加上对SM的各种更多的理论关注，激发了多个方向的进一步理论工作：分析寻找新物理学迹象的各种渠道;同时更深入地探索SM的主要结构，以更好地理解它的成功。我的研究计划的目标是出于这种双重的观点。我们对规范场理论的理解的进展，SM的基石，是重要的基础水平，也为开发新的计算工具来描述极端制度下的物质行为。所提出的研究的一个方面集中在有限温度下规范理论的实时动态行为，可以使用流体力学来描述接近平衡。我们的目标是更好地理解这两种方法之间的联系，将量子场论的工具与新的全息方法结合起来，这些方法来自弦理论。这有一系列可能的应用，但一个重要的（激励）场景是QCD的强相互作用动力学（强核相互作用的规范理论），在RHIC和LHC等实验中探索的区域中碰撞重离子。我的建议的第二部分是更多的数据驱动，旨在研究标准模型之外的经验驱动物理学的场景和检测渠道，例如暗物质。重点是使用系统的有效场论技术，以充分利用高精度和高光度的实验，这往往是间接敏感的更广泛的范围内的能量尺度比直接实现在高能对撞机。要解决的主要问题包括，什么机制决定了宇宙中物质和反物质之间的遗迹不对称性（这需要新的“CP破坏”相互作用）;以及如何最好地探测暗物质的身份，无论是直接在地下实验室，使用中等能量的固定目标实验和对撞机，还是间接通过宇宙学，星系和恒星物理学的观察。