Quantum Fields and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

超越标准模型的量子场和物理学

• 批准号: SAPIN-2020-00040
• 负责人: Ritz, Adam
• 金额: $ 7.29万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=718325
• 关键词: Quantum; Fields; Physics; Beyond; Standard

Modern particle physics faces a conflicted picture. On one hand, experimental data has led to a remarkably precise verification of the `Standard Model' (SM), including the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. On the other hand, tremendous quantitative advances in observational cosmology show that, despite its success, there is much that the SM cannot explain on cosmological scales, most prominently dark matter. Such empirical puzzles, combined with other structural questions about the SM, motivate further theoretical work in multiple directions: to analyze a wide range of channels in search of new physics; and at the same time to explore and the primary structures of the SM in greater depth, to better understand its success and develop applications to new regimes. This dual perspective drives my two long-term research goals. The first long term goal is to better understand the origin of the matter content in the universe. My current focus is on scenarios and detection channels for empirically motivated physics beyond the Standard Model, specifically dark matter. Evidence points to a framework in which dark matter is part of a hidden (or dark) sector, weakly coupled to the SM. Research objectives include the use of systematic effective field theory techniques to exploit high precision and high luminosity experiments, which are often indirectly sensitive to a much wider range of energy scales than are directly achievable at high energy colliders. Questions to be addressed include how to explore the viable parameter space of low mass dark matter candidates, either directly in underground labs, using medium-energy fixed-target experiments and colliders, or indirectly through observations of cosmology, the galaxy, and stellar physics; and what mechanism determines the relic asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe (which requires new "CP-violating" interactions). The second long term goal of this program aims to further our understanding of quantum (gauge) field theories, the building blocks of the SM. This is important at both a foundational level, and also for developing new calculational tools to describe matter in thermal or non-equilibrium regimes. One aspect of the proposed research focuses on the real-time dynamical behaviour of field theories at finite temperature, which near equilibrium can be described using hydrodynamics. A specific objective is to develop the field theoretic understanding of the hydrodynamic regime, using the tools of effective quantum field theory. This has a range of potential applications, but an important (motivating) scenario is the strongly-interacting dynamics of QCD (the gauge theory of the strong nuclear interactions), in regimes that are explored in experiments such as RHIC and the LHC which collide heavy ions.

现代粒子物理学面临着一幅矛盾的图景。一方面，实验数据对“标准模型”（SM）进行了非常精确的验证，包括2012年在大型强子对撞机（LHC）中发现希格斯玻色子。另一方面，观测宇宙学的巨大定量进展表明，尽管标准模型取得了成功，但仍有很多东西无法在宇宙学尺度上解释，其中最突出的是暗物质。这些实证难题与有关 SM 的其他结构性问题相结合，激发了多个方向的进一步理论工作：分析各种渠道以寻找新的物理学；同时更深入地探索 SM 的主要结构，以更好地了解其成功并开发新机制的应用。这种双重视角推动了我的两个长期研究目标。 第一个长期目标是更好地了解宇宙中物质含量的起源。我目前的重点是标准模型之外的经验驱动物理学的场景和检测通道，特别是暗物质。有证据表明，暗物质是隐藏（或暗）区域的一部分，与 SM 弱耦合。研究目标包括使用系统有效的场论技术来开发高精度和高光度实验，这些实验通常对比高能对撞机直接实现的更广泛的能量尺度间接敏感。需要解决的问题包括如何探索低质量暗物质候选者的可行参数空间，要么直接在地下实验室，使用中能固定目标实验和对撞机，要么间接通过宇宙学、星系和恒星物理的观测；以及什么机制决定了宇宙中物质和反物质之间的遗迹不对称性（这需要新的“CP破坏”相互作用）。 该计划的第二个长期目标旨在加深我们对量子（规范）场论（SM 的构建模块）的理解。这不仅在基础层面上很重要，而且对于开发新的计算工具来描述热或非平衡状态下的物质也很重要。所提出的研究的一方面侧重于场论在有限温度下的实时动态行为，可以使用流体动力学来描述接近平衡的情况。一个具体目标是使用有效量子场论工具发展对流体动力学状态的场论理解。这有一系列潜在的应用，但一个重要的（激励）场景是 QCD（强核相互作用的规范理论）的强相互作用动力学，在 RHIC 和 LHC 等重离子碰撞实验中探索的体系中。