Functional roles of amino acids in regulation of milk fat and protein synthesis

氨基酸在调节乳脂和蛋白质合成中的功能作用

• 批准号: 513256-2017
• 负责人: Cant, John
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=619145
• 关键词: Functional; roles; amino; acids; regulation

Due to improvements in computer models that predict rates of absorption of amino acids by dairy cows based on a description of their diet, there are new opportunities to exploit the functional aspects of amino acid nutrition, outside the scope of meeting requirements as building blocks of proteins. Studies in other animals have shown that amino acids exert a range of diverse influences on physiology and metabolism and it is not unreasonable to expect that amino acids can similarly affect signalling and gene expression in the mammary glands of dairy cows. Our objectives are to characterize the functional and molecular responses to specific amino acids in terms of protein and fat synthesis in mammary cells in culture (objective 1), in mammary tissue of lactating rats (objective 2) and cows (objective 3), and then to incorporate equations describing milk composition responses to amino acids into the industrial partner's ration evaluation model that will be used to formulate dietary amino acid profiles to achieve a desired milk component response (objective 4). The revised model and knowledge gained from the project will be used by Nutreco Canada Inc. to optimize lactational performance of cows in client herds and improve the sustainability and security of milk production in Canada. The project will employ ½ postdoctoral fellow, a graduate student, and 2 undergraduate students.

由于计算机模型的改进，基于对奶牛饮食的描述来预测奶牛对氨基酸的吸收速度，因此有了新的机会来开发氨基酸营养的功能方面，而不是满足作为蛋白质构建块的要求。对其他动物的研究表明，氨基酸对生理和新陈代谢产生了一系列不同的影响，预计氨基酸也可以类似地影响奶牛乳腺中的信号和基因表达，这并不是不合理的。我们的目标是从培养中的乳腺细胞(目标1)、哺乳期大鼠(目标2)和奶牛(目标3)的乳腺组织中蛋白质和脂肪的合成来表征对特定氨基酸的功能和分子响应，然后将描述牛奶成分对氨基酸的响应的方程合并到工业合作伙伴的日粮评估模型中，该模型将用于制定饮食氨基酸谱以实现所需的牛奶成分响应(目标4)。Nutreco Canada Inc.将使用修订后的模型和从该项目中获得的知识来优化客户牛群中奶牛的产奶性能，并提高加拿大牛奶生产的可持续性和安全性。该项目将雇用1/2名博士后、1名研究生和2名本科生。