Patient-Specific Adaptive Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Optimum Treatment of Intractable Epilepsy

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The coordinated activity of brain cell ensembles, that can be assessed by measuring synchronization, is fundamental foradaptive information processing and is involved in a variety of cognitive functions such as sensorimotor integration,perceptual awareness and memory. There is evidence that abnormal synchronized patterns of brain activity are associatedwith disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, epilepsy and certain types ofaddiction. A measure of synchronization between neural oscillations is an important indicator of a brain state, whethernormal or pathological. Estimation of phase locking has emerged as a popular method of quantifying neural synchronization.We propose to use a miniature implantable neurostimulation system that we have already developed for automated seizurecontrol. It performs: (1) chronic brain monitoring to extract phase locking features of cortical and deep-brain signals, (2) earlydetection of patient-specific seizures using in-implant artificial intelligence algorithms, and (3) optimal adaptive responsiveneural stimulation for seizure abortion. The system could represent the only treatment option for intractable epilepsy patientswho are not suitable for surgical recession.