The cell biology of marginal zone B cells: filopodial networks as an immune sensing apparatus

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Cells, organs, and organisms must respond to changes in their environment. The immune system is an excellent model of how sensing and alerting functions are integrated. Innate immune cells such as macrophages have receptors on their surface that capture pathogens, recognize microbial components as danger signals, and initiate immediate protective responses. If the infection is not cleared, T- and B-lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are activated to generate more potent and specific responses (e.g. antibodies). Key intermediates are innate-like lymphocytes such as marginal zone B cells (MZBs), which detect pathogens, alert adaptive immune cells, and provide protection until the adaptive immune system is activated.