Exploring the mitochondrial phosphoproteome during metabolic stress

线粒体将营养物质中的大部分能量转化为ATP， ATP是所有需要能量的细胞生化过程所必需的。因此，需要严格调节线粒体代谢以维持细胞在代谢应激下的存活。例如，线粒体ATP的生产需要在低营养可用性时维持，而在运动时必须增加以匹配细胞的能量需求。近年来，激酶作为线粒体功能的重要调节因子出现。这些酶通过添加磷酸基团来改变蛋白质的性质。虽然我们知道一些激酶可以定位在线粒体中，在那里它们可以靶向不同的蛋白质，但在具有挑战性的代谢条件下，它们在线粒体代谢调节中的重要性知之甚少。有趣的是，激酶的活性可以被在这种情况下受到影响的代谢的几个子产物激活。由于线粒体是这些代谢物的关键调节因子，因此线粒体内的激酶可能是代谢应激过程中调节线粒体代谢的直接信使。

Mitochondria convert most of the energy contained in nutrients into ATP, which is required to perform all cellular biochemical processes needing energy. Therefore, the mitochondrial metabolism needs to be tightly regulated to maintain survival of cells during metabolic stress. For instance, the mitochondrial ATP production needs to be maintained during low nutrient availability whereas it must be increased during exercise to match the energetic needs of cells. Kinases emerged recently as important regulators of mitochondrial functions. These enzymes change the properties of proteins by adding a phosphate group. Although we know that several kinases can be localized in mitochondria where they can target different proteins, little is known about their importance in the regulation of the mitochondrial metabolism during challenging metabolic conditions. Interestingly, the activity of kinases can be activated by several sub-products of the metabolism which are affected in such conditions. Since mitochondria are key regulators of these metabolites, kinases localized within mitochondria could represent direct messengers to regulate the mitochondrial metabolism during metabolic stress.