Functional organization of the human hippocampus: insights from high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging.

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Understanding how memories are maintained and stored in the human brain remains a key challenge for both basic and clinical neuroscience. The involvement of the hippocampus in episodic memory is well accepted. Damage to the hippocampus results in broad memory impairment that includes all modalities and extends across multiple domains. In humans, the hippocampus is subdivided along the anteroposterior axis into subregions: the hippocampal head, body, and tail. Apart from large-scale anatomical subregions, the hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure that can be further delineated into several histologically-defined subfields, including the cornu ammonis, dentate gyrus, and subiculum.