Structure and function of mycorrhizal networks in North American forests

北美森林菌根网络的结构和功能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05340
• 负责人: Durall, Daniel
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=630248
• 关键词: Structure; function; mycorrhizal; networks; North

The overall objective of my team’s research program is to explore the structure and function of mycorrhizal networks in North American forests. A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots. Ectomycorrhizas (ECM) are formed on many economically important forest trees including members of the pine family, whereas ericoid mycorrhizas (ERM) are found on members of the plant family Ericaceae (eg., huckleberry). A mycorrhizal network (MN) occurs when roots of two or more plants associate with the same fungal mycelium. Linkage into an MN can improve the survival and productivity of newly established seedlings, which adds to the resilience of forests. Most mycorrhizal network studies have focussed on ECM or arbuscular mycorrhizal networks, whereas little is known about ERM networks. The short-term objectives of my program are to determine: 1) the average life-span of genotypes formed by two network-forming ECM fungal species; 2) whether ERM form extensive and potentially functional networks; and 3) the ability of ERM fungi to break down soil organic carbon and recycle nutrients under varying environmental conditions. For Objective 1, my team will identify genotypes over a three-year period from samples taken within metres of those sampled in the first year. To obtain an idea of longer-term turnover, we will compare genotypes identified in the first three years with those collected 5-12 years ago. If networks last for multiple years, this suggests that benefits of the network could compound from one year to the next. For Objective 2, my team will collect data relating to anecdotal observations that

我的团队研究计划的总体目标是探索北美森林菌根网络的结构和功能。菌根是真菌和植物根系之间的共生关系。外生菌根（ECM）在许多经济上重要的森林树木上形成，包括松树科的成员，而ericoid菌根（ERM）在植物科的成员(例如。,《哈克贝利·费恩)。当两种或两种以上植物的根与相同的真菌菌丝体结合时，就会形成菌根网络。连接到MN可以提高新建立的幼苗的存活率和生产力，从而增加森林的恢复力。大多数菌根网络研究都集中在ECM或丛枝菌根网络上，而对ERM网络知之甚少。我的计划的短期目标是确定：1)两种形成网络的ECM真菌物种形成的基因型的平均寿命；2) ERM是否形成广泛且具有潜在功能的网络；3) ERM真菌在不同环境条件下分解土壤有机碳和循环养分的能力。对于目标1，我的团队将在三年的时间里从第一年采样的样本周围几米内的样本中确定基因型。为了获得长期更替的概念，我们将比较前三年确定的基因型与5-12年前收集的基因型。如果网络持续多年，这表明网络的好处可以从一年到下一年复合。对于目标2，我的团队将收集与轶事观察有关的数据