Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress

拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    加拿大
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助国家:
    加拿大
  • 起止时间:
    2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The intertidal zone of wave-swept rocky shores is among the most physically stressful habitats on the planet. At low tide, seaweeds are exposed to terrestrial conditions and must resist temperature and desiccation stresses. At high tide, crashing waves impose hydrodynamic forces that threaten to break or dislodge algae from the rocks. Despite this adversity, rocky shores support rich and morphologically diverse communities of macroalgae. My research program explores the biomechanical, morphological and physiological adaptations of seaweeds to physical stressors, such as wave-induced drag force. Living in a hydrodynamically stressful habitat, most macroalgae develop flexible thalli that “go with the flow” and many species can adjust thallus morphology to suit environmental conditions. Experiments in the current proposal test adaptations to hydrodynamic stress at multiple scales of analysis, from cell wall chemistry, through tissue composition, to whole organism performance. Experiments will explore the evolution of novel structures in wave-swept macroalgae. For example, we will investigate the repeated evolution of erect segmented fronds from calcified crustose ancestors, allowing otherwise calcified thalli to be flexible, and the repeated evolution of buoyant structures in brown macroalgae to compensate for tissue degradation and dislodgement. Through chemical, structural, and biomechanical comparisons, we will determine the mechanism of parallel evolution in these ecologically important features. Additional experiments will explore trade-offs between morphology and physiology during macroalgal evolution. For example, we have shown that branched seaweeds experience more drag and must attach more securely to the substratum than unbranched seaweeds to avoid dislodgement. By cutting different shapes out of real seaweeds, but holding photosynthetic surface area constant, we will test the hypothesis that branching also increases photosynthesis and nutrient exchange in flow, compensating for biomechanical costs. Further experiments will investigate the drivers of morphological plasticity in flow and the limits to biomechanical adaptation under future climate stress. Using our state-of-the-art growth flumes, we will first grow kelps at different flow speeds to determine how precisely they are able to adjust blade morphology to limit drag. We will then increase temperature and dissolved CO2 concentration to test the impact of climate stress on the morphological response to flow. These data will lend insight into the current and future survival of these important forage- and habitat-forming seaweeds in wave-swept habitats. In sum, proposed experiments examine the biomechanical adaptations and functional morphologies of marine macroalgae that have been shaped by selective pressures imposed by the physical environment. Exploring a broadly diverse set of macroalgae at multiple scales of analysis, my lab’s integrative and innovative approach seeks to explain how evolution has orchestrated the striking morphological diversity of seaweeds we see today.
波浪冲刷的岩石海岸的潮间带是地球上最具物理压力的栖息地之一。在退潮时,海藻暴露在陆地条件下,必须抵抗温度和干燥压力。在涨潮时,汹涌的海浪施加水动力,威胁要打破或驱逐藻类从岩石。尽管如此,岩石海岸支持丰富和形态多样的大型藻类群落。我的研究项目探索海藻对物理压力源(如波浪引起的拖曳力)的生物力学、形态学和生理学适应。生活在一个水动力压力的栖息地,大多数大型藻类发展灵活的叶状体,“顺其自然”,许多物种可以调整叶状体形态,以适应环境条件。当前提案中的实验在多个分析尺度上测试对流体动力学应力的适应性,从细胞壁化学,通过组织组成,到整个生物体的性能。实验将探索新的结构在波扫大型藻类的演变。例如,我们将研究从钙化的甲壳类祖先的直立分节复叶的重复进化,使钙化的叶状体变得灵活,以及棕色大型藻类中浮力结构的重复进化,以补偿组织退化和移位。通过化学,结构和生物力学的比较,我们将确定这些生态重要功能的平行进化机制。更多的实验将探索在大型藻类进化过程中形态和生理之间的权衡。例如,我们已经表明,分支海藻经历更多的阻力,必须更牢固地附着在基层比无分支海藻,以避免移位。通过从真实的海藻中切割出不同的形状,但保持光合作用表面积不变,我们将测试分支也会增加光合作用和水流中的营养交换,补偿生物力学成本的假设。进一步的实验将研究流动中形态可塑性的驱动因素以及未来气候压力下生物力学适应的限制。使用我们国家的最先进的增长水槽,我们将首先增长海带在不同的流速,以确定如何精确地他们能够调整叶片形态,以限制阻力。然后,我们将增加温度和溶解的CO2浓度,以测试气候胁迫对流动的形态反应的影响。这些数据将有助于深入了解这些重要的饲料和栖息地形成海藻在海浪席卷的栖息地目前和未来的生存。总之,拟议的实验研究海洋大型藻类的生物力学适应和功能形态,已形成的物理环境施加的选择性压力。在多个分析尺度上探索广泛多样的大型藻类,我的实验室的综合和创新方法旨在解释进化如何协调我们今天看到的海藻惊人的形态多样性。

项目成果

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Martone, Patrick其他文献

Martone, Patrick的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Martone, Patrick', 18)}}的其他基金

The confusing, the cryptic, and the unseen: phenotypic adaptation and functional diversity of morphologically challenging macroalgae
令人困惑的、神秘的和看不见的:形态具有挑战性的大型藻类的表型适应和功能多样性
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-06240
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
The confusing, the cryptic, and the unseen: phenotypic adaptation and functional diversity of morphologically challenging macroalgae
令人困惑的、神秘的和看不见的:形态具有挑战性的大型藻类的表型适应和功能多样性
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-06240
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Microscope Imaging PAM Fluorometer
显微镜成像 PAM 荧光计
  • 批准号:
    RTI-2021-00490
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Tools and Instruments
The confusing, the cryptic, and the unseen: phenotypic adaptation and functional diversity of morphologically challenging macroalgae
令人困惑的、神秘的和看不见的:形态具有挑战性的大型藻类的表型适应和功能多样性
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-06240
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
The confusing, the cryptic, and the unseen: phenotypic adaptation and functional diversity of morphologically challenging macroalgae
令人困惑的、神秘的和看不见的:形态具有挑战性的大型藻类的表型适应和功能多样性
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-06240
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
From molecules to macroalgae: an integrative approach to functional morphology
从分子到大型藻类:功能形态学的综合方法
  • 批准号:
    356403-2009
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual

相似海外基金

Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flap, flutter, and flow: morphological adaptation of marine macroalgae under hydrodynamic stress
拍动、扑动和流动:海洋大型藻类在水动力应力下的形态适应
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06288
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.89万
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    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flutter Analysis and Control for Elastic Structure in Axial Air Flow: Applications to Palatal Flutter and Energy Harvesting
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