Biology of the Nutraceutical L-Citrulline

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L-citrulline (LC) is an a-amino acid synthesized from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate in the Urea Cycle via ornithine carbamoyltransferase, while it also serves as a by-product of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) reaction, which converts L-arginine into LC and NO. Of interest, LC can be purchased over the counter as a dietary supplement. Studies in humans have shown that LC may act as a performance enhancer, however, the biological actions of LC, and the mechanisms by which LC may enhance performance have been relatively understudied.