Neurobiological regulation of extinction learning in appetitve conditioning

当预期的环境刺激不再发生时，抑制行动和反应的能力对于灵活的适应性行为至关重要。随后条件反应的减少，被称为消退，已经被广泛研究，使用厌恶的巴甫洛夫条件反射程序，其中条件刺激（CS）与有害的无条件刺激（US）配对，然后抑制US以诱导消退。结果表明，消失产生了一种新的抑制性记忆，与原始学习竞争对反应的控制。具体来说，在灭绝过程中形成了一种新的CS-no -US记忆，它与原始的CS-US记忆竞争以抑制反应。

The capacity to inhibit actions and reactions when an anticipated environmental stimulus no longer occurs is critical for flexible, adaptive behaviour. The ensuing decrement in conditioned responding, referred to as extinction, has been extensively researched using aversive Pavlovian conditioning procedures in which a conditional stimulus (CS) is paired with a noxious unconditional stimulus (US), and then the US is withheld to induce extinction. Results suggest that extinction produces a new inhibitory memory that competes with the original learning for control over responding. Specifically, a new CS-no US memory is formed during extinction that competes with the original CS-US memory to suppress responding.