Neurobiiological regulation of extinction learning in appetive conditioning

学习将环境信号与显著事件联系起来是适应行为的关键。同样重要的是，如果这些暗示不再可靠地预测积极或消极的结果，就有能力停止对它们做出反应。由此导致的行为减少被称为“灭绝”，被认为反映了对不再预测显著事件的线索的“新”了解。在灭绝学习出错的情况下，个体将继续对毫无意义的环境线索做出反应。

Learning to associate environmental signals with salient events is essential for adaptive behavior. Equally important is the capacity to stop responding to such cues if they no longer reliably predict a positive or negative outcome. The resulting decrease in behavior is referred to as 'extinction,' and is believed to reflect 'new' learning about the cue no longer predicting a salient event. In situations where extinction learning goes awry, individuals will continue reacting to meaningless environmental cues.