Acute stress effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity

急性应激对认知和突触可塑性的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05939
• 负责人: Howland, John
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=630731
• 关键词: Acute; stress; effects; cognition; synaptic

The goal of my research program is to understand the effects of experience on cognition and the physiology of the brain. To this end, I examine cognitive processes such as memory under normal conditions and following acute stress. Acute stress strongly influences cognition and I am interested in discovering the changes in brain physiology that mediate these influences. While previous research shows that acute stress dramatically alters the communication between neurons in the brain, the effects of acute stress on patterns of brain activity while cognitive tasks are being performed are unknown. My research uses an integrative approach with behavioural, pharmacological, and electrophysiological techniques in rats to address these questions. The specific experiments proposed address four objectives related to recognition memory, a process whereby a stimulus is judged to have been seen previously, and the brain circuits that mediate this form of cognition. I plan to examine how neurotransmitters receptors are regulated during object recognition memory using novel pharmacological tools in behaving animals. I will also characterize the surprising improvement in performance observed following acute stress using a system with touch sensitive screens to test visual learning and memory in rats. In parallel experiments, I will test the effects of acute stress on patterns of short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity using electrophysiology in anesthetized and freely moving rats. The role of glucocorticoid receptors, proteins that are activated by the stress hormone corticosterone, in the effects acute stress on synaptic plasticity in the brain areas involved in recognition memory will be assessed. My final objective is to conduct electrophysiological recordings while rats perform the recognition memory tests in an effort to understand the specific alterations in on-going brain activity that result from periods of acute stress. An integrated understanding of the fundamental behavioural and electrophysiological effects of acute stress on memory will allow the development of theories regarding the brain mechanisms mediating cognition in both normal and challenging circumstances.

我的研究项目的目标是了解体验对认知和大脑生理的影响。为此，我研究了认知过程，比如在正常情况下和在急性压力下的记忆。急性应激强烈影响认知，我有兴趣发现调节这些影响的大脑生理学变化。虽然之前的研究表明，急性应激显著改变了大脑神经元之间的交流，但在执行认知任务时，急性应激对大脑活动模式的影响尚不清楚。我的研究使用一种综合的方法，结合大鼠的行为学、药理学和电生理学技术来解决这些问题。这些具体的实验提出了四个与识别记忆有关的目标，即一个刺激被判断为以前见过的过程，以及调节这种认知形式的大脑回路。我计划在动物的行为中使用新的药理学工具，研究神经递质受体在物体识别记忆过程中是如何调节的。我还将描述在急性应激后观察到的令人惊讶的性能改善，使用带有触摸屏的系统来测试大鼠的视觉学习和记忆。在平行实验中，我将利用电生理学测试急性应激对麻醉和自由活动大鼠的短期和长期突触可塑性模式的影响。糖皮质激素受体是由应激激素皮质酮激活的蛋白质，在急性应激对涉及识别记忆的大脑区域的突触可塑性的影响中，将评估糖皮质激素受体的作用。我的最终目标是在老鼠进行识别记忆测试的同时进行电生理记录，以努力了解急性应激时期正在进行的大脑活动的具体变化。对急性应激对记忆的基本行为和电生理影响的综合理解将有助于发展关于在正常和挑战环境下调节认知的大脑机制的理论。