Gut chemosensing and the regulation of nutrient absorption and barrier function in pigs

畜牧业是繁殖和饲养牲畜的农业实践，是世界范围内主要的食品生产行业。这些动物的发育和生长不良、疾病、发病率和死亡率往往是由与肠道渗漏、肠道萎缩、感染和炎症相关的肠道健康状况不佳引起的，尤其是在动物幼年时。有必要采用更好的解决方案来改善肠道健康，以实现可持续的动物生产，特别是在饲料中抗生素的使用由于公众日益关注而变得越来越有限的情况下。肠道不仅是一个消化器官，也是一个化学感觉系统，通过肠道内以及肠道、大脑和其他器官之间的细胞和分子信号级联，介导维持动物体内稳态所需的生理和代谢反应的协调。包括钙敏感受体（CaSR）在内的味觉受体在动物的多种组织中表达，在营养感知和调节动物的生理和生长发育中起着非常重要的作用。

Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock, and it is a major food-producing industry worldwide. Poor development and growth, disease, morbidity and mortality of these animals are often caused by poor gut health associated with leaky gut, intestinal atrophy, infection and inflammation, particularly when the animals are young. There is a need for better solutions that can be practised to improve gut health for sustainable animal production, especially when antibiotic use in feed has been becoming more limited due to mounting public concerns. The gut is not only a digestive organ but also a chemosensory system that mediates the orchestration of physiological and metabolic responses required to maintain homeostasis in animals through cellular and molecular signaling cascades within the gut and among the gut, brain and other organs. Taste receptors including calcium sensor receptor (CaSR) are expressed in various tissues of animals, play very important roles in nutrient sensing and regulate the physiology, growth and development of the animals.