Characterization and manipulation of bacterial microbiomes in domestic animals

家畜细菌微生物组的表征和操作

• 批准号: 385805-2013
• 负责人: Weese, Scott
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631013
• 关键词: Characterization; manipulation; bacterial; microbiomes; domestic

Animals harbour complex, diverse and typically poorly defined microbial populations at various body sites. While poorly defined, it is clear that these populations (the microbiota) and the sum of their genetic elements and interactions (the microbiome) play critical roles in both development and prevention of various diseases, including disease not classically considered to be infectious. New technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the body's microbiomes, thereby creating unique opportunities for development and testing of novel and non-antimicrobial preventive and therapeutic methods for animals. The potential for safe and effective biotherapeutic (microbial-based) approaches for prevention or treatment of disease is highly appealing, particularly given the epidemic of antimicrobial resistance that is both limiting available treatment options and increasing scrutiny of antimicrobial use in animals. Yet, only with proper understanding of the host's 'normal' microbial population can biotherapeutic approaches be properly developed and evaluated. This program will characterize the microbiomes of different anatomical sites of selected domestic animal species, something that will provide important information to help understand how these populations develop and how they can be modified. It will complement preliminary microbiome studies being performed by the Applicant, and his laboratory's expertise in infectious diseases, gastroenterology and probiotic therapy. This program will use recent advances in next generation sequencing and bioinformatics to describe and compare selected microbiomes in piglets, foals and dogs, and to explore the use of biotherapeutic approaches to treatment or prevention of disease. Specific objectives of this program are to characterize development of the fecal microbiome of foals and piglets, to evaluate the effect of fecal transplantation on the development foal and piglet intestinal microbiomes, to evaluate different approaches to fecal transplantation, to characterize the vaginal microbiome of healthy dogs and dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) to enable development of a potential biotherapeutic approach for prevention of recurrent UTIs.

动物在不同的身体部位拥有复杂、多样和通常定义不清的微生物种群。虽然定义不明确，但很明显，这些种群（微生物群）及其遗传元素和相互作用的总和（微生物组）在各种疾病的发展和预防中发挥着关键作用，包括传统上认为不具有传染性的疾病。新技术彻底改变了我们对人体微生物组的理解，从而为开发和测试新型和非抗菌的动物预防和治疗方法创造了独特的机会。预防或治疗疾病的安全有效的生物制剂（基于微生物的）方法的潜力是非常有吸引力的，特别是考虑到抗生素耐药性的流行，这既限制了可用的治疗选择，又增加了对动物中抗生素使用的审查。然而，只有正确理解宿主的“正常”微生物种群，才能正确开发和评估生物多样性方法。该计划将表征选定家畜物种不同解剖部位的微生物组，这将提供重要信息，帮助了解这些种群如何发育以及如何对其进行修改。它将补充申请人正在进行的初步微生物组研究，以及他的实验室在感染性疾病，胃肠病学和益生菌治疗方面的专业知识。该计划将利用下一代测序和生物信息学的最新进展来描述和比较仔猪，马驹和狗中的选定微生物组，并探索使用生物技术方法治疗或预防疾病。该计划的具体目标是表征马驹和仔猪的粪便微生物组的发育，评估粪便移植对马驹和仔猪肠道微生物组发育的影响，评估粪便移植的不同方法，表征健康犬和复发性尿路感染（UTI）犬的阴道微生物组从而能够开发出一种潜在的预防复发性UTI的生物学方法。