Structure and function of zinc-binding peptides derived from animal-based food proteins

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The proposed research is focused on determining the contribution of zinc chelation as a plausible molecular mechanism of immune alteration by food protein-derived peptides in cell cultures. There has been an increased interest in using food proteins for the production of functional peptides mostly with the intent to add value to low-value agricultural resources. Current evidence indicates that some food-derived peptides can lessen abnormal physiological processes in humans, leading to positive health impacts particularly for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal and immune dysfunction, and inflammation. However, there is a knowledge gap on how the structures of these peptides impact their anti-inflammatory functions. One of the key molecules that induce inflammatory reactions, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, has become a target for managing inflammatory diseases. TNF-alpha is activated by another protein, which requires zinc to function. Therefore, we hypothesize that food-derived peptides that possess zinc-binding capability can inactivate these proteins and provide broader impact in controlling inflammatory events. The proposed research will involve strategic production of zinc-binding peptides from underutilized proteins derived from spent hen meats, which are by-products of Canada's poultry egg industry. The discovery and use of these peptides in alternative food applications will increase the economic value of the agricultural by-products and also reduce environmental carbon footprint due to their disposal. Moreover, multiple correlation studies will be conducted to evaluate the relationship between the structure and function of the zinc-binding peptides, and this can contribute towards the discovery of peptides with enhanced activity. In addition, sustainable production of large amounts of food-derived bioactive peptides is presently challenging due to low yields that can impede commercial applications. Consequently, the proposed project will also focus on investigating biotechnological methods for the production of high yields of zinc-binding peptides. It is expected that the active peptides can be used to formulate nutraceutical supplements and functional foods for use in managing inflammatory conditions.