Testing Biological Theories of Same-Sex Sexual Attraction and Transgender Identity: Somatic, Cognitive, Behavioural, and Demographic Markers

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Gender identity and sexual orientation are two of the largest psychological sex differences. The vast majority of people are cisgender (i.e., males identify as men, females identify as women) and exhibit opposite-sex attraction. Yet, exceptions to these fundamental patterns exist. Substantial minorities of people exhibit same-sex sexual attraction and/or transgenderism and, thus, provide unique human models for studying sexual differentiation of the brain, cognition, and behaviour.