Reading comprehension mechanisms and current models of reading

阅读理解机制和当前的阅读模式

• 批准号: 355885-2013
• 负责人: RoyCharland, Annie
• 金额: $ 1.55万
• 依托单位: Université de Moncton
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631341
• 关键词: Reading; comprehension; mechanisms; current; models

Reading is a complex skill. As it is essential in our society, the mechanisms underpinning reading are among the most crucial problems in cognitive psychology. Research has revealed important aspects of reading. For example, extensive research has been conducted on the way our eyes move during reading or what strategies are important to recognize individual words. However, what is surprising is that much remains unknown regarding the main goal of reading: comprehension. The current research program will explore reading comprehension mechanisms as well as the role of comprehension in areas of reading where it has been neglected. More precisely, the current research program specifically examines the role of syntax in reading comprehension. It is beyond dispute that syntax plays a critical role in conveying the meaning of a sentence. For instance, the sentence "the man killed the dog" has a very different meaning than the sentence "the dog killed the man", even if both sentences are made of the same words. However, while most theoretical models suggest that syntax is important, they vary on the relative importance that they give to syntactic processing. According to one class of models, syntactic processing must always be fully completed before other processing, important for extraction of the sentence meaning, are completed. Other models, however, assumed that a detailed syntactic processing is not required for meaning extraction. In other words, within these models, syntactic processing can be bypassed. My students and I will make use of a variety of methodologies and strategies to help understand the role of syntax in reading comprehension. Since all individuals do not read at the same pace or extract the same amount of information from their readings, we will make use of individual differences in reading skills to help clarify the debate. Furthermore, we will also examine the role of the difficulty of the text in the information that is extracted during reading. The main goal of this program is, first, to clarify the role of syntax in reading comprehension and second, to help understand the mechanisms of reading comprehension to modify theoretical models accordingly.

阅读是一项复杂的技能。阅读是人类社会生活中必不可少的一部分，其机制是认知心理学研究的重要课题。研究揭示了阅读的重要方面。例如，人们对阅读过程中眼睛的运动方式进行了广泛的研究，或者对识别单个单词的重要策略进行了广泛的研究。然而，令人惊讶的是，关于阅读的主要目标：理解，还有很多未知之处。目前的研究计划将探讨阅读理解机制，以及在阅读领域的理解，它已被忽视的作用。更确切地说，目前的研究计划专门探讨了句法在阅读理解中的作用。毫无疑问，句法在表达句子意义方面起着至关重要的作用。例如，句子“the man killed the dog”与句子“the dog killed the man”有着非常不同的含义，即使两个句子都是由相同的单词组成的。然而，虽然大多数理论模型认为句法是重要的，但它们对句法处理的相对重要性各不相同。根据一类模型，句法处理必须总是在其他处理完成之前完全完成，这些处理对句子意义的提取很重要。然而，其他模型假设，详细的句法处理是不需要的意义提取。换句话说，在这些模型中，可以绕过语法处理。我和我的学生将利用各种方法和策略来帮助理解句法在阅读理解中的作用。由于并非所有人都以相同的速度阅读或从阅读中提取相同数量的信息，我们将利用阅读技能的个体差异来帮助澄清辩论。此外，我们还将研究文本的难度在阅读过程中提取的信息中的作用。本课程的主要目标是，首先，阐明句法在阅读理解中的作用，其次，帮助理解阅读理解的机制，从而相应地修改理论模型。