Spatial determinants of food web structure and function, from landscape to global scales

从景观到全球尺度，食物网结构和功能的空间决定因素

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-03813
• 负责人: Srivastava, Diane
• 金额: $ 4.52万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631798
• 关键词: Spatial; determinants; food; web; structure

How do food webs change over space? One the one hand, distant food webs may contain different species because of differences in the local environment or limited dispersal. Such differences in food webs may be extreme when they are so far apart as to draw from different species pools. On the other hand, even though species composition differs, the traits of the species may remain the same, such that food webs “work” the same way. Resolving the effects of space on the structure and functioning of food webs is critical for understanding how large-scale stressors (e.g. climate change, forest fragmentation) affect food webs. To resolve how space affects food webs, we need to (a) replicate experiments over landscape and continental scales, to determine how dispersal or biogeography changes species or traits; (b) expose such replicated food webs to environmental change, like altered climate, and reduced dispersal, such as occurs in isolated forest fragments; and (c) transplant species or even food webs between sites, to separate site-differences in species traits from the environment.

食物网是如何在空间中变化的？一方面，由于当地环境的差异或有限的扩散，遥远的食物网可能包含不同的物种。当它们相距很远，以至于从不同的物种池中聚集时，食物网的这种差异可能是极端的。另一方面，尽管物种组成不同，但物种的特征可能保持不变，这样食物网就会以同样的方式发挥作用。解决空间对食物网结构和功能的影响对于理解大规模应激源(如气候变化、森林碎片化)如何影响食物网至关重要。为了解决空间如何影响食物网，我们需要(A)在景观和大陆尺度上重复实验，以确定扩散或生物地理如何改变物种或特征；(B)使这种复制的食物网暴露在环境变化中，如气候变化，并减少扩散，如发生在孤立的森林碎片中；(C)在不同地点之间移植物种，甚至食物网，以将物种特征的地点差异与环境分开。