Microbial dynamics in the ocean: An integrated approach

海洋微生物动力学：一种综合方法

• 批准号: 121305-2012
• 负责人: Rivkin, Richard
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632197
• 关键词: Microbial; dynamics; ocean; integrated; approach

Marine bacteria utilize over 50% of primary production in the ocean, their biomass often exceeds that of primary producers, they have important roles in major biogeochemical processes and these processes have important feedbacks to global climate. Marine microbial communities drive most globally important ecological and biogeochemical processes, such as the marine carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles, yet we know very little about the compostion of the commuity and their specific role in the ocean. The questions we propose to address are quite simple. We are asking who is there, what are they doing and how will they change when ocean climate changes! Although the questions seem simple and straightforward, the answers are not! Until the introduction of culture-independent techniques using the analysis of 16S RNA gene sequences directly PCR amplified from environmental DNA (i.e. metagenomics), our ability to characterize "who is there" and "what they are doing" was very limited. The proposed research will use a combination of taxonomic, physiological, isotopic and molecular techniques in coastal and offshore marine environments to examine the spatial and temporal variation in individual bacterial species, the mechanisms underlying changes in community structure and their contributions to microbial mediated carbon and elemental flow. This research will be answering some fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions about whether the observed spatial or temporal changes in the microbial community are are due to an adaptations or a change in the structure of the assemblage. This has profound implications about the how microbial communities are influenced by climate process and in turn influence biogeochemical processes in the upper ocean.

海洋细菌利用了海洋中50%以上的初级生产力，它们的生物量往往超过初级生产者，它们在主要的生物地球化学过程中发挥着重要作用，这些过程对全球气候具有重要的反馈作用。海洋微生物群落驱动着大多数全球重要的生态和生物地球化学过程，如海洋碳、氮和硫循环，但我们对群落的组成及其在海洋中的具体作用知之甚少。我们建议解决的问题非常简单。我们在问谁在那里，他们在做什么，当海洋气候变化时，他们将如何变化！尽管问题看起来简单明了，但答案并非如此！在引进使用直接从环境DNA中扩增的16S RNA基因序列的独立于培养的技术(即元基因组学)之前，我们表征“谁在那里”和“他们在做什么”的能力是非常有限的。拟议的研究将结合沿海和近海海洋环境的分类学、生理学、同位素和分子技术，研究单个细菌物种的时空变化、群落结构变化的机制及其对微生物介导的碳和元素流动的贡献。这项研究将回答一些基本的生态学和进化论问题，即所观察到的微生物群落的空间或时间变化是由于适应还是由于组合结构的变化。这对微生物群落如何受到气候过程的影响，进而影响上层海洋的生物地球化学过程有着深远的影响。