Noise in mesoscopic quantum systems

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Noise, i.e., fluctuations of an observable due to external factors, is a phenomenon that affects all measurements. Studying its effects is particularly important for quantum systems because of the fragile nature of quantum correlations. Usually noise is considered detrimental because it may reduce the quality of experimental results. However, it can also play a vital role in triggering processes such as chemical reactions. Furthermore, noise can be manipulated by changing the temperature of a system’s environment, or by more advanced techniques. One example of such a technique is the improved resolution of gravitational wave detectors by using squeezed states of light instead of ordinary laser beams.