On the origins and composition of planetesimals through studies of circumstellar disks

通过星周盘研究探讨星子的起源和组成

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04531
• 负责人: Matthews, Brenda
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633381
• 关键词: origins; composition; planetesimals; through; studies

A fundamental complication in understanding how planets are assembled and interact with each other and other bodies (like comets and asteroids) has been our inability to directly observe the formation and evolution of these bodies. New facilities are now opening a new window on circumstellar disks, the location where all planets form, providing us with an ability to probe how systems evolve and to test some key assumptions about our own solar system's origins. This research proposal will target key disk systems to utilize the measurements of gases and solids in those disks to inform our understanding of the solar system's earliest times. Within the solar system, measurements of key chemical tracers, such as the ratio of deuterium, a variant of hydrogen with an extra neutron, to hydrogen (D/H) are made toward comets and asteroids to understand how those objects have moved around in the Solar System since their formation. Underpinning this model is the assumption that the D/H ratio in the early solar disk was low near the sun and higher further away. Using recently identified young systems in which comets and asteroid formation has begun or is complete but the gas disk remains, we will measure with the ALMA telescope the D/H ratio for a number of disk systems to verify this aspect of the early Solar System model, thereby enhancing our understanding of how the planets and disk (comets and asteroids) have evolved and interacted with each other. In addition, using other facilities like the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) and the soon to be launched James Webb Space Telescope, we will measure the motions of gas in the inner regions of disks and compare them to the locations of solids in order to explain how the systems evolve dynamically through collisions and loss of material over time. Using these data, we will place constraints on the migration of large (planets) and small (asteroids and comets) bodies within planetary systems.My goal with this proposal is to maximize Canada’s scientific output of ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the first billion dollar ground based telescope) and GPI disk science. The students funded by this proposal will augment the population of Canadian-based researchers who work in one of the key areas of in which ALMA and GPI are designed to excel: evolution of planetary systems within circumstellar disks.

在理解行星如何组装以及彼此和其他天体(如彗星和小行星)如何相互作用方面，一个根本的复杂问题是我们无法直接观察这些天体的形成和演化。新的设施现在正在打开一扇关于恒星周盘的新窗口，这是所有行星形成的地方，为我们提供了探测系统如何进化的能力，并测试了关于我们太阳系起源的一些关键假设。这项研究计划将以关键的盘状系统为目标，利用这些盘状系统中的气体和固体的测量来帮助我们了解太阳系最早的时间。在太阳系内，对关键化学示踪物的测量，如氢与氢的比率(D/H)，是对彗星和小行星的测量，以了解这些天体自形成以来在太阳系中是如何运动的。支持这一模型的假设是，早期太阳盘中的D/H比在太阳附近较低，而在较远的地方较高。利用最近发现的年轻系统，其中彗星和小行星的形成已经开始或完成，但气体盘仍然存在，我们将用ALMA望远镜测量一些盘系统的D/H比，以验证早期太阳系模型的这一方面，从而加强我们对行星和盘(彗星和小行星)如何演化和相互作用的理解。此外，利用其他设备，如双子座行星成像仪(GPI)和即将发射的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜，我们将测量圆盘内部区域的气体运动，并将其与固体的位置进行比较，以解释系统如何通过碰撞和物质损失随时间的推移而动态演变。使用这些数据，我们将限制行星系统内大(行星)和小(小行星和彗星)天体的迁移。我提出这个建议的目标是最大限度地增加加拿大ALMA(阿塔卡马大毫米/亚毫米阵列，第一个10亿美元的地面望远镜)和GPI圆盘科学的科学产出。由这项计划资助的学生将增加加拿大研究人员的人数，这些研究人员从事ALMA和GPI计划擅长的关键领域之一：恒星周盘内行星系统的演化。