Unlocking links between predicting explosive volcanism and forecasting its effects on climate

解锁预测爆发性火山活动和预测其对气候影响之间的联系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03786
• 负责人: Jellinek, Andrew
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633642
• 关键词: Unlocking; links; between; predicting; explosive

Since the destruction of Pompeii in AD 79, volcanic hazards in the form of devastating pyroclastic flows have captured the attention and imaginations of scientists and non-scientists alike for generations. The global economic consequences of the long-lived ash cloud related to the relatively small Eyjafjallajökull eruption in the spring of 2010, however, caught the world off guard entirely and demonstrated gaps in our understanding of eruption dynamics, as well as new challenges for assessing risks in an increasingly globalized world. That the Little Ice Age, which led to famines and associated vast population declines across Europe between 1300 and 1850, is now best explained as a consequence of novel climate effects related to extensive explosive volcanism particularly concentrated around the Pacific rim makes unease related to the 2010 event more acute.

自公元 79 年庞贝古城被毁以来，毁灭性的火山碎屑流所带来的火山灾害吸引了几代科学家和非科学家的关注和想象力。然而，与 2010 年春季规模相对较小的埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖喷发相关的长期火山灰云对全球经济造成的影响却让全世界措手不及，这表明我们对火山喷发动态的理解存在差距，同时也给在日益全球化的世界中评估风险带来了新的挑战。小冰期在 1300 年至 1850 年间导致了整个欧洲的饥荒并导致人口大幅减少，现在最好的解释是，与大范围的火山喷发（尤其集中在太平洋沿岸）相关的新气候效应的结果，使得与 2010 年事件相关的不安变得更加严重。