Unlocking links between predicting explosive volcanism and forecasting its effects on climate

解锁预测爆发性火山活动和预测其对气候影响之间的联系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03786
• 负责人: Jellinek, Andrew
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633642
• 关键词: Unlocking; links; between; predicting; explosive

Since the destruction of Pompeii in AD 79, volcanic hazards in the form of devastating pyroclastic flows have captured the attention and imaginations of scientists and non-scientists alike for generations. The global economic consequences of the long-lived ash cloud related to the relatively small Eyjafjallajökull eruption in the spring of 2010, however, caught the world off guard entirely and demonstrated gaps in our understanding of eruption dynamics, as well as new challenges for assessing risks in an increasingly globalized world. That the Little Ice Age, which led to famines and associated vast population declines across Europe between 1300 and 1850, is now best explained as a consequence of novel climate effects related to extensive explosive volcanism particularly concentrated around the Pacific rim makes unease related to the 2010 event more acute.

自从公元79年庞贝古城被毁以来，以火山碎屑流的形式出现的火山灾害吸引了几代科学家和非科学家的注意和想象。然而，与2010年春天相对较小的Eyjafjallajökull火山喷发有关的长期存在的火山灰云对全球经济造成的后果，使世界完全措手不及，表明了我们对火山喷发动力学的理解存在差距，以及在日益全球化的世界中评估风险的新挑战。1300年至1850年间，小冰河期导致了欧洲各地的饥荒和随之而来的大量人口减少，现在最好的解释是，与广泛的爆炸性火山活动（尤其是集中在环太平洋地区）相关的新型气候影响，使得与2010年事件相关的不安更加严重。