Reconstructing centuries of Arctic climate and sea ice conditions using annually-banded coralline algae
利用每年带状的珊瑚藻重建几个世纪的北极气候和海冰条件
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2017-06074
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.33万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2017
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Rapid Arctic warming during the past decades has contributed to a dramatic decline of sea-ice extent and thickness at a pace greater than simulated by climate models. If current trends persist, projections suggest that Arctic summer sea-ice may disappear within the next decades. However, the uncertainties in sea-ice modelling are large as long-term sea-ice variability is poorly understood due to short instrumental and satellite records, generally not extending beyond the late 1970s. In order to accurately model and therefore project future evolution of Arctic climate, it is essential to have a better understanding of year-to-year temperature and sea-ice variability during the past centuries, particularly prior to the industrial revolution when humans started impacting climate and ocean chemistry by the emission of fossil fuels. Such reconstructions are typically achieved by using proxy archives, such as tree rings or ice cores on land. Until recently though, no such proxy archive was known from the Subarctic and Arctic Ocean. In a breakthrough study my research group has now discovered that long-lived coralline algal buildups on the shallow sea floor can be used to reconstruct Arctic climate and ice variability during the past 650 years. During times of extensive sea ice cover little light reaches the seafloor resulting in low annual growth rates of the photosynthetic algae. In contrast, when sea ice cover is low annual algal growth rates increase. By measuring algal growth and geochemical composition year-by-year into the past sea ice cover and temperatures can be reconstructed. Coralline algal buildups are widespread throughout the entire Arctic Ocean where they can live for centuries attached to the shallow seafloor while forming annual growth bands in their calcitic skeletons.
过去几十年来,北极迅速变暖,导致海冰范围和厚度急剧减少,其速度超过了气候模型的模拟。如果目前的趋势持续下去,预测表明,北极夏季海冰可能在未来几十年内消失。然而,海冰建模的不确定性很大,因为由于仪器和卫星记录较短,一般不会超过1970年代后期,因此对海冰的长期变化性知之甚少。为了准确地模拟并预测北极气候的未来演变,必须更好地了解过去几个世纪的逐年温度和海冰变化,特别是在工业革命之前,当时人类开始通过排放化石燃料影响气候和海洋化学。这种重建通常是通过使用代理档案,如树木年轮或冰核在陆地上。然而,直到最近,在亚北极和北冰洋还没有这样的代理档案。在一项突破性的研究中,我的研究小组现在发现,在浅海海底长寿命的珊瑚藻类堆积可以用来重建过去650年来北极的气候和冰的变化。在大面积海冰覆盖期间,很少有光线到达海底,导致光合藻类的年生长率低。相反,当海冰覆盖率低时,藻类的年生长率增加。通过测量藻类的生长和地球化学成分,可以逐年重建过去的海冰覆盖率和温度。珊瑚藻在整个北冰洋都很普遍,它们可以在那里生活几个世纪,附着在浅海底,同时在它们的方解石骨架中形成年度生长带。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Halfar, Jochen其他文献
Arctic sea-ice decline archived by multicentury annual-resolution record from crustose coralline algal proxy
- DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1313775110 - 发表时间:
2013-12-03 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:11.1
- 作者:
Halfar, Jochen;Adey, Walter H.;Fitzhugh, William W. - 通讯作者:
Fitzhugh, William W.
Freshening of the Alaska Coastal Current recorded by coralline algal Ba/Ca ratios
- DOI:
10.1029/2010jg001548 - 发表时间:
2011-03-18 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.7
- 作者:
Chan, Phoebe;Halfar, Jochen;Jacob, Dorrit E. - 通讯作者:
Jacob, Dorrit E.
Coralline alga reveals first marine record of subarctic North Pacific climate change
- DOI:
10.1029/2006gl028811 - 发表时间:
2007-04-03 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.2
- 作者:
Halfar, Jochen;Steneck, Robert;Estes, James - 通讯作者:
Estes, James
Rapid 20th century warming in the Caribbean and impact of remote forcing on climate in the northern tropical Atlantic as recorded in a Guadeloupe coral
- DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.06.019 - 发表时间:
2010-10-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3
- 作者:
Hetzinger, Steffen;Pfeiffer, Miriam;Halfar, Jochen - 通讯作者:
Halfar, Jochen
Overview of coralline red algal crusts and rhodolith beds (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and their possible ecological importance in Greenland
- DOI:
10.1007/s00300-016-1975-1 - 发表时间:
2017-03-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.7
- 作者:
Jorgensbye, Helle I. O.;Halfar, Jochen - 通讯作者:
Halfar, Jochen
Halfar, Jochen的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Halfar, Jochen', 18)}}的其他基金
Reconstructing centuries of Arctic climate and sea ice conditions using annually-banded coralline algae
利用每年带状的珊瑚藻重建几个世纪的北极气候和海冰条件
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-06074 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Sea ice retreat and glacier-ocean interactions in the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago - past, present and future
加拿大东部北极群岛的海冰退缩和冰川-海洋相互作用——过去、现在和未来
- 批准号:
544982-2020 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Ship Time
Reconstructing centuries of Arctic climate and sea ice conditions using annually-banded coralline algae
利用每年带状的珊瑚藻重建几个世纪的北极气候和海冰条件
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-06074 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Reconstructing centuries of Arctic climate and sea ice conditions using annually-banded coralline algae
利用每年带状的珊瑚藻重建几个世纪的北极气候和海冰条件
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-06074 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Reconstructing centuries of Arctic climate and sea ice conditions using annually-banded coralline algae
利用每年带状的珊瑚藻重建几个世纪的北极气候和海冰条件
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-06074 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Coralline algae as recorders of environmental change
珊瑚藻作为环境变化的记录者
- 批准号:
341876-2012 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Reconstructing centuries of sea ice conditions and impacts of ocean acidification in the Eastern Canadian Arctic
重建加拿大东部北极几个世纪的海冰状况和海洋酸化的影响
- 批准号:
486216-2016 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Ship Time
Coralline algae as recorders of environmental change
珊瑚藻作为环境变化的记录者
- 批准号:
341876-2012 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Coralline algae as recorders of environmental change
珊瑚藻作为环境变化的记录者
- 批准号:
341876-2012 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Subarctic crustose coralline algal-dominated ecosystems
亚北极壳状珊瑚藻类生态系统
- 批准号:
436825-2013 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Ship Time
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