Biological and landscape controls on the net greenhouse gas balance of High Arctic ecosystems

对高北极生态系统温室气体净平衡的生物和景观控制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05921
• 负责人: Scott, Neal
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633903
• 关键词: Biological; landscape; controls; net; greenhouse

Since the 1950’s, annual air temperatures over Arctic landmasses have risen between 2°C and 3°C, while winter temperatures have increased as much as 4°C. These warmer temperatures could induce cascading changes to terrestrial Arctic ecosystems, such as: altered hydrological cycles from increasing precipitation, shifting distribution of plant communities, altered surface properties such as decreased surface albedo, and increased permafrost thawing. Permafrost soils contain approximately half of the global soil carbon reservoir, so an increased rate of carbon loss due to permafrost thawing could accelerate future climate change. At the same time, permafrost thawing could liberate plant nutrients, increasing plant productivity and carbon storage, creating a negative feedback on future warming. To predict the future response of arctic ecosystems to changes in climate, we need to understand key greenhouse gas (GHG) cycling processes in high Arctic ecosystems at a range of spatial and temporal scales.

自20世纪50年代以来，北极大陆的年气温上升了2°C至3°C，而冬季气温上升了4°C。这些温暖的温度可能会导致陆地北极生态系统发生级联变化，例如：降水量增加导致水文循环改变，植物群落分布变化，表面特性改变，例如表面水分减少，以及永久冻土融化增加。永久冻土含有全球土壤碳库的大约一半，因此永久冻土融化导致的碳损失率增加可能会加速未来的气候变化。与此同时，永久冻土融化可以释放植物营养，增加植物生产力和碳储存，对未来变暖产生负反馈。为了预测北极生态系统对气候变化的未来响应，我们需要了解高北极生态系统在一系列时空尺度上的关键温室气体（GHG）循环过程。