Algorithms and interfaces for improved image-guided surgery

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This research program is directed to answering the question: "How can we improve the planning and performance of Image-Guided Surgery (IGS)?" IGS provides surgeons with methods for surgical planning and guidance for intra-operative interventions. In general, the procedure is a three step process: i) Medical Image Acquisition, ii) Planning and, iii) Navigation. During image acquisition, the anatomy is scanned using medical imaging (e.g. CT, MRI). In the planning phase relevant data (e.g. bone, cartilage) are extracted from the image dataset and a 3-dimensional (3D) model of the anatomy is constructed and surgical interventions are planned. During the surgery a tracking system, such as an opto-electronic camera, is installed in the operating theater and sensors are rigidly attached to anatomies and surgical instruments. The camera reads the information from these sensors and then computer graphics and registration algorithms are used to render the tracked position of the instruments on the virtual representation of the anatomy and/or the planned instrument trajectory. IGS systems can help the surgeon to achieve the best post-operative outcome. However, available systems for IGS require expensive technical equipment and bring a great complexity into the surgical theater. For these reasons, these techniques are still not widely available for clinical use. The goal of this research program is to explore alternative solutions, intended to provide adequate accuracy and high precision yet which will be easy to use and cost-efficient those allowing more patients to benefit from these technological advances. The research will be performed in two different themes: a) investigation of enhanced surgical planning algorithms and b) development and testing of novel intra-operative navigation solutions. Our goal is to ensure that more patients benefit from technological advantages in IGS. One PhD student, three MSc, and six undergraduate students will be cross-trained in a multi-disciplinary setting ranging from fundamental computer science through biomechanical and mechanical engineering to surgery.