Concern-Driven Software Development

在模型驱动工程（MDE）中，软件开发被视为模型生产、细化和集成的过程。模型是在不同的点或在软件开发生命周期的不同阶段，为不同的目的，使用最适当的建模形式主义（S）在最适当的抽象级别（S）的任务，并定义模型转换，建立这些模型之间的关系。事实证明，MDE可以显著降低软件开发成本。MDE在实践中没有得到广泛应用的主要原因之一是缺乏模型重用。通常，正在开发的系统的模型是从头开始创建的，而不是重用已经存在的模型。这使得建模往往比编码更麻烦，因为现在大多数编程语言提供了广泛的库或框架，促进代码reuse.This研究计划提出关注驱动的软件开发（CCD）作为下一代MDE，使大规模的模型重用。而经典的MDE集中在模型，重点在CCD的主要元素是关注，其中包括一组模型在不同层次的抽象有关的领域感兴趣的软件工程师。关注点可以具有功能性、非功能性，甚至是有意的特征（例如，安全性），或与特定解决方案有关（例如，通信协议、设计模式）。CCD建立在面向方面、软件产品线工程和重用社区的技术基础上，以一种可以在特定于应用程序的模型中轻松重用的方式打包一组关注的模型。CCD有可能通过允许软件工程师成为关注专家和创建可重用的关注模型库来改变软件工程学科。这将大大减少在实践中应用MDE所需的建模工作，从而使MDE成为任何开发软件的公司的可行的开发选择，即使是在快速发展的软件开发项目的背景下。

With Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), software development is seen as a process of model production, refinement and integration. Models are built at different points or during different phases of the software development life cycle for different purposes using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s) at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction for the task at hand, and model transformations are defined that establish relationships among these models. It has been shown that MDE can significantly lower the costs of software development. One of the main reasons why MDE is not widely used in practice is the lack of model reuse. Typically, models for a system under development are created from scratch, rather than reusing already existing models. This makes modelling often more cumbersome than coding, since most programming languages nowadays offer extensive libraries or frameworks facilitating code reuse.This research program proposes concern-driven software development (CCD) as the next generation MDE enabling large scale model reuse. Whereas classic MDE concentrates on models, the main element of focus in CCD is the concern, which encompasses a set of models at different levels of abstraction pertaining to a domain of interest to a software engineer. Concerns can have functional, non-functional, or even intentional characteristics (e.g., security), or pertain to specific solutions (e.g., communication protocols, design patterns). CCD builds on technology from the aspect-orientation, software product line engineering and reuse communities to package a set of models of a concern in such a way that they can easily be reused in an application-specific model. CCD has the potential to transform the software engineering discipline by allowing software engineers to become concern specialists and by enabling the creation of reusable concern model libraries. This will drastically reduce the modelling effort required to apply MDE in practice, and as a result make MDE a viable development choice for any company developing software, even in the context of rapidly evolving software development projects.