Design and Evaluation of Mid-level Ontologies

中层本体的设计与评估

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05916
• 负责人: Gruninger, Michael
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=635078
• 关键词: Design; Evaluation; Mid; level; Ontologies

Many applications in the domains of e-commerce, e-government, and e-science require the semantic integration of a wide variety of datasets and semantic interoperability among diverse software systems and services. Although domain ontologies have been proposed for decision support and semantic integration, a number of challenges remain:- Within the same domain, there are multiple conflicting ontologies, without a clear understanding of the metalogical relationships between them.- The design of an ontology is hindered because the intended models are difficult to characterize, and even with this characterization, the class of intended models can be difficult to axiomatize. - Weak axiomatizations of an ontology allow the existence of unintended models; this is problematic for decision support systems insofar as there will exist sentences that areentailed by all intended models of the ontology but which are not provable from the axioms.- The lack of modularization inhibits the reusability of large ontologies.The content of COLORE now allows us to address fundamental problems in ontology design and evaluation. COLORE explicitly specifies the metatheoretic relationships among ontologies, such as conservative extension, nonconservative extension, and definable interpretation. This allows one to explicitly determine common subtheories that areshared by multiple ontologies in the same domain. Furthermore, these relationships can be used to verify that the intended models of an ontology are equivalent to the models of the axiomatization, and this verification can be used to modularize the ontology.Upper ontologies such as Cyc and SUMO respond the above challenges by defining concepts which are specializations of generic concepts and generalizations of domain ontologies. Since repositories contain many generic ontologies, one possible approach is to design ontologies which are intermediate between the domain and generic ontologies.Nevertheless, there has been no formal characterization of such midlevel ontologies.To address these challenges, this project has the following objectives:1. Specify the metalogical relationships (used in COLORE) among existing domain ontologies.2. Design new modular midlevel ontologies by merging generic ontologies and then formally evaluate them with respect to their logical and mathematical properties.3. Design midlevel ontologies by definitional extensions of generic ontologies.4. Specify techniques for the modularization of domain ontologies based on their metalogical relationships.5. Implement a software environment to support ontology design and evaluationThe following domain ontologies will be in the scope of this project: GoodRelations, FIBO, Units of Measure, Date-Time Vocabulary, SCRIBE, Foundational Model of Anatomy, BioPAX, together with the various ontologies for events, addresses, and products, which are used in Semantic Web applications.

电子商务、电子政务和电子科学领域的许多应用需要各种数据集的语义集成以及不同软件系统和服务之间的语义互操作性。虽然领域本体已经被提出用于决策支持和语义集成，但仍然存在许多挑战：-在同一个领域内，存在多个相互冲突的本体，而没有对它们之间的元逻辑关系的清晰理解。本体的设计是阻碍，因为预期的模型是难以表征，即使有这种表征，类的预期模型可能难以公理化。- 本体的弱公理化允许存在非预期的模型;这对于决策支持系统来说是有问题的，因为存在由本体的所有预期模型所包含的句子，但这些句子不能从公理中证明。模块化的缺乏抑制了大型本体的可重用性。COLORE的内容现在允许我们解决本体设计和评估中的基本问题。COLORE明确地规定了本体之间的元理论关系，如保守扩展，非保守扩展和可定义的解释。这允许一个明确地确定共同的子理论，areshareed由多个本体在同一领域。此外，这些关系可以用来验证本体的预期模型与公理化模型的等价性，并可以用来对本体进行模块化。Cyc和SUMO等上层本体通过定义概念来应对上述挑战，这些概念是一般概念的专门化和领域本体的概括。由于知识库中包含许多通用本体，一种可能的方法是设计介于领域本体和通用本体之间的中间本体，然而，还没有正式的描述这种中间本体。指定现有领域本体之间的元逻辑关系（在COLORE中使用）。通过合并通用本体来设计新的模块化中级本体，然后根据它们的逻辑和数学属性对其进行形式化评估。通过对通用本体的定义扩展，设计中级本体.根据领域本体的元逻辑关系，详细说明领域本体模块化的技术.实现一个软件环境，以支持本体设计和评估以下领域本体将在本项目的范围：GoodRelations，FIBO，测量单位，日期-时间词汇表，SCRIBE，解剖学的基础模型，BioPAX，以及各种本体的事件，地址和产品，这是在语义Web应用程序中使用。