Development of a passive sampling methodology for measurement of time-averaged nutrient concentration in stormwater flow and receiving waters

开发被动采样方法来测量雨水流和受纳水中的时间平均营养物浓度

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04033
• 负责人: Putz, Gordon
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=636597
• 关键词: Development; passive; sampling; methodology; measurement

A lack of current and historical nutrient monitoring data with appropriate spatial and temporal scale has been a hindrance to cumulative effects assessments, and the development of environmental protection and management strategies for control of eutrophication in watersheds in Canada and internationally. The difficulty and expense of conducting water quality sampling has undoubtedly contributed to the poor monitoring record. The overall objective of this proposed research program is to develop and test an improved sampling methodology for selected nutrient pollutants in effluent and streamflow.Research Objectives:Short term:Develop an innovative, simple and reliable sampling methodology for passive detection and quantification of time-averaged nutrient concentration (nitrate and phosphate) in stormwater flow and within receiving waters. Passive meaning the method will not require a power supply, data logger or collection of water samples for the determination of time-averaged concentration. The focus will be upon a methodology for quantifying mean nutrient concentration in intermittent precipitation event-based discharges into receiving waters. The methodology will be initially developed under controlled laboratory conditions that simulate environmental conditions in stormwater collection systems.Long term:Apply the passive sampling methodology in conjunction with conventional flow monitoring for the study of stormwater nutrient pollutant mass loading into and within receiving water environments. For example studies such as: the influence of landuse types and land management practices upon stormwater quality and mass loading of nutrient pollutants into receiving waters, and measurement of spatial and temporal changes in nutrient pollutant distribution within receiving waters.Scientific Approach:Aim 1: Investigate the application of anion ion exchange resin membranes for the capture and retention of nutrient species (nitrate and phosphate) from stormwater under typical conditions within storm sewers and at stormwater outfalls.Aim 2: Investigate the kinetics of ion exchange reactions on anion exchange resin membranes for typical stormwater composition and environmental conditions. Based upon the kinetic studies, relate the mass capture of nitrate and phosphate on the ion exchange resin membranes to the time averaged nutrient species concentration in the sampled water environment. Aim 3: Investigate the application of the passive sampling methodology for study of nitrate and phosphate concentration and mass flow in stormwater collection systems by conducting parallel field tests with conventional time series volumetric sampling methods.Aim 4: Investigate the application of the passive sampling methodology for study of nutrient mass flow in receiving water environments. In particular, investigate the use of the sampling methodology to document two and three dimensional distribution of nutrient pollutants in receiving waters.Novelty and Significance:The passive sampling methodology developed will have no requirement for power supplies, electronic probes, trigger mechanisms, pumps, volumetric sampling or sample bottles. Hence the methodology will not be subject to the failures and reliability issues that commonly occur in pump and sample systems, or with ion specific electronic probe based monitoring systems. Further the proposed passive sampling methodology will be relatively low cost, reliable and easy to deploy in urban and/or remote locations due to its simplicity. Hence the development of the passive sampling methodology has the potential to greatly facilitate the establishment of much more comprehensive nutrient monitoring networks within watersheds for improved environmental assessment and protection.

缺乏具有适当空间和时间尺度的当前和历史营养物监测数据一直阻碍加拿大和国际上的累积效应评估以及控制流域富营养化的环境保护和管理战略的制定。水质采样的难度和费用无疑是造成监测记录不佳的原因之一。本拟议研究计划的总体目标是针对污水和溪流中选定的营养污染物开发和测试改进的采样方法。研究目标：短期：开发一种创新、简单且可靠的采样方法，用于被动检测和量化暴雨流和受纳水域中的时间平均营养物浓度（硝酸盐和磷酸盐）。被动意味着该方法不需要电源、数据记录器或收集水样来确定时间平均浓度。重点是量化基于间歇性降水事件的受纳水域排放中的平均营养物浓度的方法。该方法最初将在模拟雨水收集系统环境条件的受控实验室条件下开发。长期：将被动采样方法与传统流量监测相结合，研究雨水营养污染物质量加载到受纳水环境中。例如，研究诸如：土地利用类型和土地管理实践对雨水质量和营养污染物进入受纳水域的质量负荷的影响，以及受纳水域内营养污染物分布的时空变化的测量。科学方法：目标 1：研究阴离子交换树脂膜在典型条件下从雨水中捕获和保留营养物质（硝酸盐和磷酸盐）的应用。 目标 2：研究典型雨水成分和环境条件下阴离子交换树脂膜上离子交换反应的动力学。根据动力学研究，将离子交换树脂膜上硝酸盐和磷酸盐的质量捕获与采样水环境中的时间平均营养物质浓度联系起来。目标 3：通过与传统时间序列体积采样方法进行平行现场测试，研究被动采样方法在雨水收集系统中硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度和质量流量研究中的应用。目标 4：研究被动采样方法在受纳水环境中养分质量流量研究中的应用。特别是，研究使用采样方法来记录受纳水域中营养物污染物的二维和三维分布。新颖性和意义：所开发的被动采样方法不需要电源、电子探针、触发机构、泵、体积采样或样品瓶。因此，该方法不会受到泵和样品系统或基于离子特定电子探针的监测系统中常见的故障和可靠性问题的影响。此外，所提出的被动采样方法由于其简单性而成本相对较低、可靠且易于在城市和/或偏远地区部署。因此，被动采样方法的发展有可能极大地促进流域内建立更全面的养分监测网络，以改善环境评估和保护。