Development of a passive sampling methodology for measurement of time-averaged nutrient concentration in stormwater flow and receiving waters

开发被动采样方法来测量雨水流和受纳水中的时间平均营养物浓度

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04033
• 负责人: Putz, Gordon
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662736
• 关键词: Development; passive; sampling; methodology; measurement

A lack of current and historical nutrient monitoring data with appropriate spatial and temporal scale has been a hindrance to cumulative effects assessments, and the development of environmental protection and management strategies for control of eutrophication in watersheds in Canada and internationally. The difficulty and expense of conducting water quality sampling has undoubtedly contributed to the poor monitoring record. The overall objective of this proposed research program is to develop and test an improved sampling methodology for selected nutrient pollutants in effluent and streamflow.**Research Objectives:*Short term:*Develop an innovative, simple and reliable sampling methodology for passive detection and quantification of time-averaged nutrient concentration (nitrate and phosphate) in stormwater flow and within receiving waters. Passive meaning the method will not require a power supply, data logger or collection of water samples for the determination of time-averaged concentration. The focus will be upon a methodology for quantifying mean nutrient concentration in intermittent precipitation event-based discharges into receiving waters. The methodology will be initially developed under controlled laboratory conditions that simulate environmental conditions in stormwater collection systems.*Long term:*Apply the passive sampling methodology in conjunction with conventional flow monitoring for the study of stormwater nutrient pollutant mass loading into and within receiving water environments. For example studies such as: the influence of landuse types and land management practices upon stormwater quality and mass loading of nutrient pollutants into receiving waters, and measurement of spatial and temporal changes in nutrient pollutant distribution within receiving waters.**Scientific Approach:*Aim 1: Investigate the application of anion ion exchange resin membranes for the capture and retention of nutrient species (nitrate and phosphate) from stormwater under typical conditions within storm sewers and at stormwater outfalls.*Aim 2: Investigate the kinetics of ion exchange reactions on anion exchange resin membranes for typical stormwater composition and environmental conditions. Based upon the kinetic studies, relate the mass capture of nitrate and phosphate on the ion exchange resin membranes to the time averaged nutrient species concentration in the sampled water environment. *Aim 3: Investigate the application of the passive sampling methodology for study of nitrate and phosphate concentration and mass flow in stormwater collection systems by conducting parallel field tests with conventional time series volumetric sampling methods.*Aim 4: Investigate the application of the passive sampling methodology for study of nutrient mass flow in receiving water environments. In particular, investigate the use of the sampling methodology to document two and three dimensional distribution of nutrient pollutants in receiving waters.**Novelty and Significance:*The passive sampling methodology developed will have no requirement for power supplies, electronic probes, trigger mechanisms, pumps, volumetric sampling or sample bottles. Hence the methodology will not be subject to the failures and reliability issues that commonly occur in pump and sample systems, or with ion specific electronic probe based monitoring systems. Further the proposed passive sampling methodology will be relatively low cost, reliable and easy to deploy in urban and/or remote locations due to its simplicity. Hence the development of the passive sampling methodology has the potential to greatly facilitate the establishment of much more comprehensive nutrient monitoring networks within watersheds for improved environmental assessment and protection.

由于缺乏具有适当空间和时间尺度的当前和历史营养监测数据，妨碍了加拿大和国际上进行累积影响评估，以及制定环境保护和管理战略以控制流域富营养化。进行水质采样的难度和费用无疑是造成水质监测记录不佳的原因。这项研究计划的总体目标是开发和测试一种改进的采样方法，用于污水和溪流中选定的营养污染物。**研究目标：*短期：*开发一种创新、简单和可靠的采样方法，被动检测和量化雨水流和接收水中的时间平均营养浓度（硝酸盐和磷酸盐）。被动是指该方法不需要电源、数据记录仪或收集水样来测定时间平均浓度。重点将放在一种量化间歇降水事件排放到接收水域的平均营养物浓度的方法上。该方法最初将在模拟雨水收集系统环境条件的受控实验室条件下开发。*长期：*采用被动抽样方法，结合传统的流量监测，研究雨水营养污染物大量进入和在接收水环境内的情况。例如：土地利用类型和土地管理做法对雨水水质和营养污染物进入受纳水域的大量负荷的影响，以及测量受纳水域内营养污染物分布的时空变化。**科学方法：*目的1：研究阴离子交换树脂膜在雨水下水道和雨水出水口典型条件下从雨水中捕获和保留营养物质（硝酸盐和磷酸盐）的应用。*目的2：研究阴离子交换树脂膜在典型雨水成分和环境条件下的离子交换反应动力学。在动力学研究的基础上，将离子交换树脂膜上硝酸盐和磷酸盐的大量捕获与采样水环境中时间平均营养物质浓度联系起来。*目标3：研究被动抽样方法在研究雨水收集系统中硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度和质量流量方面的应用，方法是采用传统的时间序列体积抽样方法进行平行实地试验。*目标4：研究被动采样方法在接收水环境中营养物质质量流量研究中的应用。特别是，调查抽样方法的使用，以记录接收水中营养物污染物的二维和三维分布。**新颖性和意义：*开发的被动采样方法将不需要电源，电子探头，触发机构，泵，体积采样或样品瓶。因此，该方法不会受到泵和样品系统中常见的故障和可靠性问题的影响，也不会受到基于离子特定电子探针的监测系统的影响。此外，拟议的被动抽样方法由于简单，成本相对较低、可靠，而且易于在城市和/或偏远地区部署。因此，发展被动抽样方法有可能大大促进在流域内建立更全面的营养监测网络，以改进环境评价和保护。