Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Approaches toward Greening the Next Generation of Wireless Communication Systems

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Energy consumption of wireless networks is dramatically increasing due to the persistent growth of wireless users, devices, applications and the demand of challenging performance. Hence, the convergence of wireless communication systems and green solutions becomes natural and critical. In addition to the environmental benefits, other motivations for having green solutions include economic benefits to the operators (less energy cost) and practical benefits to the users (longer battery usage). Thus, it is now indispensable to shift from pursuing optimal spectral efficiency to efficient energy usage when creating future wireless networks. Besides, it is accepted that emerging technologies of massive multi-antenna systems, dense heterogeneous networks, cloud radio access networks, M2M (machine to machine) communications and energy harvesting communication systems will be part of future wireless networks (5G networks and beyond).