Development and Application of Novel Life Cycle-based Framework: Towards a Sustainable Aviation Fuel Strategy for Canada

基于生命周期的新型框架的开发和应用：加拿大可持续航空燃料战略

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06037
• 负责人: MacLean, Heather
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=637760
• 关键词: Development; Application; Novel; Life; Cycle

Systems level approaches encompassing technical, environmental, and socio-economic components are necessary to evaluate the sustainability of emerging energy technologies. In spite of the importance of analyzing potential net benefits during R&D and deployment, prospective analyses of energy systems continue to be problematic. The majority of focus on transportation sector sustainability has been on light-duty vehicles, with comparatively little examination of the aviation sector with its unique challenges and complete reliance on fossil fuels. Motivating a critical evaluation of alternative aviation fuels are: 1) that fuel cost represents ~1/3 of airlines' operating costs; 2) fuel demand growth is exceeding aircraft efficiency improvements; 3) International Air Transport Association's ambitious alternative fuel use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals; and, 4) expected regulations that will limit or put a price on GHG emissions. Aviation fuels currently represent a $212 B/y global market and biofuels are viewed by many as the most promising alternative due to their potential for domestic production, low GHG emissions and ability to be used in current aircraft. However, aviation biofuel are not without challenges, including early stage of development, cost, supply and uncertain environmental impacts. There is considerable debate as to which, if any, fuels and technologies are viable at moderate scale. Development of an improved systems level framework to critically evaluate energy supply options for Canada's aviation sector, and an understanding of key domestic feedstocks and production processes for aviation biofuels, are urgently needed. With the overall aim of advancing the state-of-the-art in systems analysis and improving the sustainability of the aviation sector, the proposed research will; a) Develop a generalized systems-based decision support framework to evaluate sustainability implications of bioenergy systems, b) Improve our understanding of the sustainability implications of feedstock, supply chain and conversion process options for aviation fuels in the Canadian context, through applying the framework to biojet and conventional jet fuels, and c) Investigate, from a sustainability perspective, the role aviation biofuels could, and more importantly, should play in Canada's energy future through examination of plausible scenarios. The proposed research program is innovative and expected to have a transformational effect by significantly improving how we evaluate the sustainability of bioenergy technologies through more comprehensive and accurate analysis. The program results have the potential to impact society and its sustainability through facilitating scientific and engineering progress, improved decision making in the transportation energy and aviation sectors and government and the training of HQP in an emerging field.

要评价新兴能源技术的可持续性，就必须采取包括技术、环境和社会经济组成部分的系统一级办法。尽管在研发和部署过程中分析潜在净效益很重要，但能源系统的前瞻性分析仍然存在问题。对运输部门可持续性的关注主要集中在轻型车辆上，而对航空部门的审查相对较少，航空部门面临着独特的挑战，完全依赖化石燃料。促使对替代航空燃料进行严格评估的原因是：1）燃料成本约占航空公司运营成本的1/3; 2）燃料需求增长超过了飞机效率的提高; 3）国际航空运输协会雄心勃勃的替代燃料使用和温室气体（GHG）减排目标;以及4）预期将限制或定价GHG排放的法规。航空燃料目前代表着每年B美元的全球市场，许多人认为生物燃料是最有前途的替代品，因为它们具有国内生产的潜力，温室气体排放量低，并且能够用于当前的飞机。然而，航空生物燃料并非没有挑战，包括早期开发阶段，成本，供应和不确定的环境影响。对于哪些燃料和技术在中等规模上是可行的，如果有的话，存在着相当大的争论。迫切需要制定一个改进的系统级框架，以严格评估加拿大航空部门的能源供应选择，并了解航空生物燃料的关键国内原料和生产工艺。总体目标是推进系统分析的最新水平，提高航空部门的可持续性，拟议的研究将; a）制定一个基于系统的通用决策支持框架，以评估生物能源系统的可持续性影响，B）提高我们对加拿大航空燃料原料、供应链和转化工艺选择的可持续性影响的理解，通过将框架应用于生物喷气燃料和常规喷气燃料，以及c）从可持续性的角度，通过检查合理的情景，调查航空生物燃料在加拿大能源未来中可能，更重要的是应该发挥的作用。拟议的研究计划是创新的，预计将通过更全面和准确的分析，显着改善我们如何评估生物能源技术的可持续性，从而产生变革性的影响。该计划的结果有可能通过促进科学和工程进步，改善交通能源和航空部门和政府的决策以及在新兴领域对HQP的培训来影响社会及其可持续性。