Fast screening of adsorbents: from equilibrium and kinetics to bench scale process tests

在过去的几十年里，新型纳米多孔吸附剂和催化剂的开发急剧增加。其中最有前途的包括分子筛，从微孔沸石和碳分子筛开始，它们在上个世纪的最后十年之前一直主导着该领域。自20世纪90年代初以来，已经开发了一系列全新的其他纳米多孔材料，包括周期性介孔筛（PMS）、周期性介孔有机硅酸盐（PMO）、分级沸石、金属有机框架（MOF）以及这些材料的各种混合和官能化变体。由于这些材料中的一些材料的大量可能的化学组成和结构，例如，由于可以制造几乎无限数量的MOF，每种MOF都具有不同的性能特征，因此需要开发使用少量样品快速表征材料的技术，并允许容易地解释结果。吸附平衡、动力学和动态测量传统上通过重量法、体积法和填充柱流动技术进行。这些技术是直接和准确的，但它们是耗时的，并需要相对大量的吸附剂样品（通常以颗粒形式），并不适合吸附剂快速筛选研究，其中准确性是不太重要的。

The last several decades have have seen a dramatic increase in the development of new nanoporous adsorbents and catalysts. The most promising among them include molecular sieves, starting with microporous zeolites and carbon molecular sieve, which dominated the field until the last decade of the last century. Since the early 1990's a whole new array of other nanoporous materials have been developed including periodic mesoporous sieves (PMS), periodic mesoporous organosilicates (PMO's), hierarchycal zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOF's) and a variety of hybrid and functionalized variants of these materials. Due to the large number of possible chemical compositions and structures of some of these materials, e.g., a near infinite number of MOF's can be made- each with different performance characteristics, there is a requirement for developing techniques to characterize materials rapidly using small sample quantities and allowing easy interpretation of the results. Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and dynamic measurements have traditionally been carried out by gravimetric, volumetric and packed column flow techniques. These techniques are straightforward and accurate, but they are time consuming and require relatively large amounts of adsorbent samples (often in pelleted form) and are not well-suited to adsorbent rapid screening studies, where accuracy is less critical.