Prediction of Mechanisms and Patterns of Human Spine Injuries to High-Velocity Impact Using Numerical Modeling

使用数值模型预测高速冲击造成的人体脊柱损伤的机制和模式

• 批准号: 402046-2013
• 负责人: ElRich, Marwan
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=638476
• 关键词: Prediction; Mechanisms; Patterns; Human; Spine

Spinal traumas are particularly disabling, their cost is very important for the society nowadays. The spinal injuries can today occur during transportation, domestic, sport or professional activities. Since the experimental investigations of the spinal injuries remain laborious tasks involving important cost and biological samples, the Finite Element (FE) Modeling represents a powerful tool to understand the spinal load-sharing changes and to identify the different injury mechanisms. Moreover, the anatomy of the dummies used in the transportation safety regulations is very simplified and cannot represent accurately the bio-realistic behavior of the human body. Although these dummies permit verifying the global behavior of the body, they are unable to demonstrate properly the synergy between the different body structures under impact conditions. The proposed research consists to create refined and anatomically realistic 3D FE models of the human cervical and thoracosacral spines that include the passive (bony structures, intervertebral discs, and ligaments) and active (muscles) components to investigate the load-sharing and injury mechanisms under high-energy and simple fall as well as frontal, lateral, and rear-impact scenarios caused by Motor Vehicle Accidents. The long-term objective is to combine the cervical and thoracosacral spines together to investigate the sports-related injuries that occur more often at the cervico-thoracic and thoraco-lumbar junctions of the spine. In particular, the aim is to determine which spinal structure is at risk of injury and at what loading rate and direction this injury may occur. The spine models will enrich spinal injury biomechanics research, which is less developed in Canada. Accurate determination of load partitioning among passive and active components of the spine under impact loads is of prime importance in the improvement of vehicle safety features and current regulatory injury criteria, and in the effective prevention, evaluation and treatment of spinal injuries. Studying different injury mechanisms resulting from falling, sports and professional activities and understanding the mechanisms behind these injuries is critical for protecting the spine and development of equipment for impact sports.

脊柱创伤尤其致残，其费用对当今社会非常重要。脊柱损伤今天可以发生在运输，家庭，体育或专业活动。由于脊柱损伤的实验研究仍然是涉及重要成本和生物样品的繁重任务，有限元（FE）建模代表了一个强大的工具，以了解脊柱载荷分配的变化，并确定不同的损伤机制。此外，运输安全法规中使用的假人解剖结构非常简化，无法准确地表示人体的生物现实行为。虽然这些假人允许验证身体的整体行为，但它们无法正确展示在冲击条件下不同身体结构之间的协同作用。拟议的研究包括创建人体颈椎和胸骶脊柱的精细和解剖学上逼真的3D有限元模型，包括被动（骨结构，椎间盘和韧带）和主动（肌肉）组件，以研究高能量和简单跌倒以及机动车事故引起的正面，侧面和后部碰撞场景下的负载分配和损伤机制。长期目标是将颈椎和胸骶椎联合收割机结合在一起，以研究更常发生在脊柱颈胸和胸腰交界处的运动相关损伤。具体而言，目的是确定哪个脊柱结构有损伤的风险，以及在什么样的加载速率和方向下可能发生这种损伤。脊柱模型的建立将丰富加拿大脊柱损伤生物力学的研究。在冲击载荷下脊柱被动和主动部件之间的载荷分配的准确确定对于改进车辆安全特征和当前的监管损伤标准以及有效预防、评估和治疗脊柱损伤是至关重要的。研究跌倒、运动和专业活动造成的不同损伤机制，并了解这些损伤背后的机制，对于保护脊柱和开发冲击运动设备至关重要。