Next Generation Environmentally Sustainable Refrigeration System

该研究计划将调查低全球变暖潜能值制冷剂在汽车和住宅应用中的使用。臭氧消耗潜能值（ODP）和全球变暖潜能值（GWP）是制冷剂释放的直接环境影响的两个众所周知的指标。最近，欧盟已经宣布了一项指令，禁止在移动的空调（MAC）中使用GWP超过150的制冷剂。汽车空调指令将在2017年前逐步淘汰所有车辆中使用含氟温室气体，如R-134 a（GWP=1410）。对低全球升温潜能值制冷剂的偏好导致最近对氢氟烯烃（HFO）制冷系统等替代品的兴趣。美国环境保护署已最终批准在MAC中使用HFO-1234 yf（GWP=4）。这种制冷剂的主要优点包括零ODP，低GWP和低可燃性，压力曲线与R-134 a相似。初步研究已确定氢氟烯烃作为潜在的全球汽车制冷剂替代品的适用性。本研究的主要目的是开发一种具有多种循环改进的高性能先进HFO制冷系统。这些改进包括使用多流体微通道热交换器、分级压缩和膨胀过程以及将压缩机与独立的垂直轴风力涡轮机耦合以用于独立的功率使用。这项工作将在温莎大学现有的多功能、最先进的制冷研究设施中进行。该研究计划的目的是通过分析从这项工作中获得的实验和数值数据，为下一代原型制冷系统建立设计和控制策略。这项研究中提出的技术发展是必不可少的，以满足我们严格的加拿大标准的环境可持续性，提高车辆性能和客户满意度。根据最近对文献的回顾，这项研究将是加拿大的第一项此类研究。拟议的研究项目提供高素质人才的培训，这将使加拿大暖通空调，环境，能源和运输行业受益匪浅。

This research program will investigate the use of low global warming potential refrigerants in automotive as well as residential applications. Ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) are the two well known indicators of the direct environmental impact of the release of refrigerants. Recently, the European Union has announced a directive that bans refrigerants having a GWP exceeding 150 in mobile air conditioners (MAC). The MAC directive will phase out the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases, such as R-134a (GWP=1410) in all vehicles by 2017. A preference for low GWP refrigerants has led to recent interest in such alternatives as the hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigeration system. The US Environmental Protection Agency has issued final approval for the use of HFO-1234yf (GWP=4) in MAC. The key advantages of this refrigerant include zero ODP, low GWP, and low flammability with similar pressure curves to R-134a. Initial research has identified the applicability of HFOs as a potential global automotive refrigerant alternative. The main focus of this research is to develop a high performance advanced HFO refrigeration system with various cycle modifications. These modifications include using multi-fluid microchannel heat exchangers, staging compression and expansion processes, and coupling the compressor with a stand-alone vertical axis wind turbine for independent power usage. This work will be carried out in an existing versatile, state of the art refrigeration research facility at the University of Windsor. The intent of the research program is to establish design and control strategies for next-generation prototype refrigeration systems through the analysis of the experimental and numerical data obtained from this work. The technological developments proposed in this research are essential to meeting our stringent Canadian standards for environmental sustainability, enhanced vehicle performance, and customer satisfaction. Based on the recent review of literature, this research will be the first of its kind in Canada. The proposed research project offers training of highly qualified personnel, which will benefit the Canadian HVAC, environmental, energy and transportation industries greatly.