Three Hinge Buckling Experimental Study

1989年9月，安大略省Kingston的Woods Sand and Gravel采石场发生了一次屈曲（“弹出”）故障。这导致采石场淹水，对当地地下水状况造成重大影响（例如邻近水井干涸）。在安大略南部和美国中西部地区，屈曲破坏很常见，并且通常在几乎没有预警的情况下突然发生，这是由坚硬、层状、近地表岩石中的高水平原位应力驱动的。因此，安大略省环境和气候变化部（OMECC）要求对岩石缓冲层厚度（采石场地面和地下含水层之间的分离）进行量化评估，以在基本工程原则和现场特定条件的基础上，为未来的采石场开发提供依据。弹出式屈曲，也称为三铰屈曲（THB），在形成一个中心铰和两个支承铰的叠合岩板中容易发生。尽管许多作者在岩石力学中的屈曲行为研究方面取得了进展，但仍有几个关键问题尚未解决。在加拿大和美国的其他司法管辖区，有可能出现这种许可要求或类似要求。鉴于Dexter的既定目标是在国内和国际上扩展其商业利益，对这一具有挑战性的问题有更深入的了解，将有助于抵消现有采石场运营的潜在风险，以及未来在其他司法管辖区的采石场开发机会。为了主动解决这一问题，Dexter正在启动一项研究项目，以更好地了解与三铰链屈曲相关的机制和风险因素，并与Corkum博士的实验室合作进行必要的背景研究。该研究计划将包括一个实验室实验计划，由数值模拟（非连续介质）支持，以研究THB屈曲机制。此外，将为新斯科舍省的一个采石场进行实地测绘，以量化岩土结构条件，以支持将实验室和数值研究结果转化为实际的实地条件。研究结果将对德克斯特、加拿大采矿业的监管产生实际的、直接适用的影响

In September 1989, a buckling ("pop-up") failure occurred at Woods Sand and Gravel Quarry in Kingston, ON.This resulted in flooding of the quarry and significant impact on the local groundwater conditions (e.g.neighbouring wells went dry). Buckling failures have commonly arisen in southern Ontario and themid-western U.S. and typically develop suddenly, with little warning, driven by high horizontal in situ stressesin the stiff, laminated, near-surface rock. As a result, the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change(OMECC) has requested quantifiable assessment of rock buffer thickness (the separation between quarry floorand underlying aquifer) for future quarry development on the basis of fundamental engineering principles andsite-specific conditions. Pop-up buckling, also referred to as three hinge buckling (THB), tends to occurviolently in laminated rock slabs where a central hinge and two abutment hinges are formed. Although manyauthors have made progress in the study of buckling behaviour in rock mechanics, several key issues remainunresolved. There is potential that this licensing requirement, or similar, will arise in other Canadian and U.S.jurisdictions. Given Dexter's stated objective of extending their business interests nationally andinternationally, obtaining a greater understanding of this challenging issue will help to both offset potentialrisks to existing quarry operations and future quarry development opportunities in other jurisdictions. In orderto proactively address this issue, Dexter is initiating a research project to better understand the mechanisms andrisk factors associated with three hinge buckling, and is engaging Dr. Corkum's lab to help conduct thenecessary background research. This proposed research program will involve a laboratory experimentalprogram, supported by numerical modelling (discontinuum), to investigate the THB buckling mechanism. Inaddition, field mapping to quantify geotechnical structural conditions for a quarry in Nova Scotia will beconducted to support translating the laboratory and numerical findings to actual field conditions. The resultswill have practical, directly applicable implications for Dexter, the Canadian mining industry, regulatory