The genomics of spawning seasonality and seascape in commercially harvested herring (Clupea harengus) in the Northwest Atlantic

西北大西洋商业捕捞的鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）产卵季节性和海景的基因组学

• 批准号: 494276-2016
• 负责人: Ruzzante, Daniel
• 金额: $ 14.63万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=642121
• 关键词: genomics; spawning; seasonality; seascape; commercially

Our objective is to identify the geographic and temporal (seasonal) genetic structure in herring (Clupea harengus) in the NW Atlantic. Herring, a widely distributed marine pelagic fish of economic importance exhibits a high degree of biocomplexity, i.e., a complex pattern of diversity associated with differences in spawning time and location, and life history. Some populations reproduce in the spring and others in the fall and their relative abundance has changed in recent years likely in response to latitudinal shifts in ocean temperature. Fishery management in general does not consider such a degree of biocomplexity, yet disregard for how diversity is distributed within management units is likely to lead to overexploitation of the weaker population components, ultimately leading to the loss of biodiversity. Our goal is to understand how such diversity is distributed in space and time. Most previous studies found little evidence of genetic structure in herring at all but the largest geographic scales. Renewed attempts to understand population structure in this species are justified because of the following three recent developments, which make this project unique: First the herring genome has recently been completely sequenced and annotated. Second, we recently found not only genomic differences between fall and spring spawning herring but also found the same differences occurring in Canadian and European herring populations, with some differences located near genes linked to photoperiodic regulation of reproduction. We thus identified the genomic regions likely underlying spawning seasonality, with autumn spawners differing from spring spawners in allele frequencies at a number of single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) some of which are linked to genes of known function. This is evidence of local adaptation. These achievements were possible because of the recent explosive development of Next Generation Sequencing technology. We plan to take advantage of these major breakthroughs to examine the geographic and seasonal structure of herring in the NW Atlantic. The proposed work is of interest to Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), the collaborating institution responsible for the management of the herring fishery in Canada.

我们的目标是确定的地理和时间（季节）遗传结构鲱鱼（鲱鱼）在西北大西洋。鲱鱼是一种广泛分布的海洋中上层鱼类，具有重要的经济价值，具有高度的生物复杂性，一种复杂的多样性模式，与产卵时间和地点以及生活史的差异有关。一些种群在春季繁殖，另一些在秋季繁殖，近年来它们的相对丰度发生了变化，这可能是由于海洋温度的纬度变化。渔业管理一般不考虑这种程度的生物复杂性，但忽视多样性在管理单位内的分布可能导致对较弱种群的过度开发，最终导致生物多样性的丧失。我们的目标是了解这种多样性在空间和时间上是如何分布的。大多数以前的研究发现很少有证据表明鲱鱼的遗传结构，但在最大的地理尺度。重新尝试了解这个物种的种群结构是合理的，因为以下三个最近的发展，这使得这个项目的独特性：首先，鲱鱼基因组最近已经完全测序和注释。第二，我们最近发现不仅秋季和春季产卵鲱鱼之间的基因组差异，但也发现了同样的差异发生在加拿大和欧洲鲱鱼种群，与一些差异位于基因附近的光周期调节繁殖。因此，我们确定了基因组区域可能潜在的产卵季节性，秋季产卵不同的等位基因频率在一些单核苷酸多态性位点（SNPs），其中一些是已知功能的基因。这是当地适应的证据。这些成就之所以成为可能，是因为最近下一代测序技术的爆炸性发展。我们计划利用这些重大突破来研究西北大西洋鲱鱼的地理和季节结构。加拿大渔业和海洋局（DFO）是负责加拿大鲱鱼渔业管理的合作机构，对拟议的工作感兴趣。