Harvesting consequences on genetic diversity and metapopulation effective size in a spatially stratified system, the Kogaluk river drainage in northern Labrador

拉布拉多北部科加卢克河流域空间分层系统中的收获对遗传多样性和集合种群有效规模的影响

• 批准号: 430198-2012
• 负责人: Ruzzante, Daniel
• 金额: $ 7.95万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=532870
• 关键词: Harvesting; consequences; genetic; diversity; metapopulation

A fundamental question in evolutionary and conservation biology is how changes in habitat fragmentation (i.e., number, size, spatial arrangement and connectivity among habitat fragments) affect the maintenance of genetic diversity and the effective size of a metapopulation (metaNe). This is an issue that despite its importance for biodiversity conservation has largely been explored only from a theoretical perspective. Early models uniformly reached the somewhat paradoxical conclusion that the effective size of a fragmented system was generally higher than that of a panmictic system of equal total size, a conclusion that followed from the restrictive model assumption of equal contribution to the next generation by all subpopulations. A more recent model that includes the possibility of subpopulation extinction and recolonization demonstrates that metaNe can indeed be significantly reduced when subpopulations are allowed to contribute differentially to the next generation. This theory has remained largely unmatched by empirical data. Our goal in this project is thus to reduce this gap. We will examine the relationship between subpopulation size and diversity, gene flow (asymmetry) and metaNe in a freshwater community of three fish species differing in life histories: Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white roundfish (Prosopium cylyndraceum) and coexisting sympatrically in the Kogaluk river drainage in northern Labrador. This drainage comprises a number of hierarchically or dendritically interconnected shallow lakes on the barren grounds that drain onto a deep fjord lake. Our research using molecular markers will allow us to predict which components of the metapopulations are more likely to affect metaNe if affected and which should thus receive highest conservation priority when faced with harvesting and/or climate induced changes in landscape. Our research, conducted in collaboration with the Wildlife Division of the Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation fits within the Strategic Target Area Natural Resources and Energy and research topic (b) NR Optimizing Resource Extraction, Harvesting and Renewal.

进化和保护生物学的一个基本问题是栖息地破碎化（即栖息地碎片之间的数量、大小、空间排列和连通性）的变化如何影响遗传多样性的维持和集合种群（metaNe）的有效规模。尽管这个问题对于生物多样性保护很重要，但在很大程度上仅从理论角度对其进行了探讨。早期的模型一致得出了一个有些矛盾的结论，即碎片化系统的有效规模通常高于总规模相等的泛乱系统的有效规模，这一结论是根据所有亚群对下一代的贡献相等的限制性模型假设得出的。一个包含亚群灭绝和重新殖民可能性的更新模型表明，当允许亚群对下一代做出不同的贡献时，metaNe 确实可以显着减少。这一理论在很大程度上仍然无法与经验数据相匹配。因此，我们这个项目的目标就是缩小这一差距。我们将研究生活史不同的三种鱼类的淡水群落中亚种群规模与多样性、基因流（不对称）和metNe之间的关系：湖鳟（Salvelinus namaycush）、长鼻吸盘鱼（Catostomus catostomos）、白圆鱼（Prosopium cylyndraceum）以及在拉布拉多北部Kogaluk河流域中同域共存的鱼类。该排水系统由贫瘠土地上的许多分层或树枝状互连的浅湖组成，这些浅湖最终流入峡湾深湖。我们使用分子标记的研究将使我们能够预测集合种群的哪些组成部分如果受到影响，更有可能影响metNe，因此在面临收获和/或气候引起的景观变化时，哪些组成部分应该得到最高的保护优先权。我们的研究是与纽芬兰和拉布拉多环境与保护部野生动物司合作进行的，符合战略目标区域自然资源和能源以及研究主题 (b) NR 优化资源开采、收获和更新。