The Evolution of Plant Reproductive Diversity

植物繁殖多样性的演变

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06442
• 负责人: Barrett, Spencer
• 金额: $ 7.87万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=644711
• 关键词: Evolution; Plant; Reproductive; Diversity

Plant reproduction is fundamental to life on earth. Determining the mechanisms governing the origin of reproductive diversity is a central problem in evolutionary biology. Studies of plant reproduction provide some of the best examples of the evolution of adaptation by natural selection. Moreover, research on plant reproduction is critical for advances in plant breeding and biotechnology, and for applied fields such as invasion biology. The objective of this research program is to understand the mechanisms driving the evolution of angiosperm reproductive diversity by determining how and why evolutionary changes in reproductive and genetic systems occur. The research exploits the striking intra- and inter-specific variation that is a feature of many herbaceous plants to test theoretical models using the tools of ecological and evolutionary genetics. The objectives will be achieved using a variety of plant groups suitable for experimental studies, and that are appropriate for addressing specific questions. The research conducted by a team of students and post-doctoral fellows (PDFs) will use diverse approaches including field studies of natural and experimental populations, glasshouse experiments, laboratory studies of biomechanics, comparative methods, genetic crosses and selection experiments, and population genomic analysis of DNA sequences.******This proposal addresses four general themes: 1) evolutionary transitions from animal to wind pollination; 2) sex ratios and sex chromosome evolution; 3) genetic architecture of heterostyly; 4) mating systems and colonization, each involves 2-3 projects. The research will provide novel insights into several major questions in evolutionary biology including: the traits and mechanisms initiating transitions from animal to wind pollination, the mechanisms governing sex-ratio bias and Y-chromosome degeneration, the influence of haploid selection on sex chromosome evolution, the role of recombination suppression in the evolution of multilocus polymorphism, and the role of self-compatibility in biological invasions. These four themes, each providing opportunities for team research generating graduate theses, undergraduate projects and post-doctoral work, will contribute towards a deeper more comprehensive understanding of the ecology and evolution of plant reproduction. The research will result in the training of high caliber students and PDFs with expertise in ecology, genetics and evolutionary biology, who will publish their research in high-impact journals. The broad training provided by this research program, with its emphasis on both field experiments and also cutting edge tools and genomics, will equip students for employment in university research, government, NGOs and the business sector in such fields as agriculture and biotechnology, the health sciences, environment, forestry and conservation.

植物繁殖是地球上生命的基础。确定控制生殖多样性起源的机制是进化生物学中的一个中心问题。对植物繁殖的研究提供了一些通过自然选择适应进化的最好例子。此外，植物生殖的研究对植物育种和生物技术的进步以及入侵生物学等应用领域的发展至关重要。这个研究项目的目的是通过确定生殖和遗传系统的进化变化是如何以及为什么发生的，来了解驱动被子植物生殖多样性进化的机制。该研究利用了许多草本植物的一个特征——种内和种间的显著变异，利用生态和进化遗传学的工具来测试理论模型。目标将使用各种适合实验研究的植物群来实现，这些植物群适合解决特定问题。由学生和博士后组成的研究团队（pdf）将采用多种方法进行研究，包括自然种群和实验种群的实地研究、温室实验、生物力学的实验室研究、比较方法、遗传杂交和选择实验，以及DNA序列的种群基因组分析。******本提案涉及四个主题：1)从动物传粉到风媒传粉的进化转变；2)性别比与性染色体进化；3)异花柱遗传结构；4)交配系统和殖民化，每个都涉及2-3个项目。该研究将为进化生物学的几个主要问题提供新的见解，包括：从动物传粉到风传粉的转变的特征和机制，性别比例偏差和y染色体退化的控制机制，单倍体选择对性染色体进化的影响，重组抑制在多位点多态性进化中的作用，以及自亲和性在生物入侵中的作用。这四个主题，每个都为团队研究提供了产生研究生论文，本科项目和博士后工作的机会，将有助于更深入，更全面地了解植物繁殖的生态学和进化。这项研究将培养具有生态学、遗传学和进化生物学专业知识的高素质学生和pdf文件，他们将在高影响力的期刊上发表研究成果。该研究项目提供的广泛培训，重点是实地实验，以及尖端工具和基因组学，将使学生在农业和生物技术、健康科学、环境、林业和保护等领域的大学研究、政府、非政府组织和商业部门就业。