Mating Preference Evolution: A Nutritional Ecology Approach

交配偏好进化：营养生态学方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06263
• 负责人: Bertram, Susan
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=645346
• 关键词: Mating; Preference; Evolution; Nutritional; Ecology

Finding a mate can be costly as it exposes females to predators and takes time away from other tasks. Understanding why mate preferences have evolved in the face of these costs is my primary research goal. Most indirect-fitness benefits hypotheses suggest mating preferences evolve because elaborate traits reflect greater offspring survival or reproductive success (good genes). ******Project 1 lays the foundation required to test the theory that secondary sexual traits are linked to condition by assessing how nutrition influences the physiological and cognitive foundations associated with performance trait variation. Differences in physiological capacity resulting from energy store disparities, muscle metabolic capacity, or metabolic rate may underlie variation in condition, so I will quantify how nutrition impacts physiological and metabolic performance and the corresponding impact on elaborate traits and preferences. Alternatively, variation in condition may result from differences in how individuals collect, retain and use information, so I will quantify how nutrition impacts cognitive performance and the corresponding impact on elaborate traits and preferences. Together, these experiments will answer “What is condition?”******Projects 2 & 3 directly test the viability-based indicator theory by determining whether sexually selected traits reflect survival under stress and whether females that mate with very attractive males produce offspring with higher viability or reproductive values. Because viability-based indicator models assume high quality males suffer less than low quality males from the costs of trait elaboration, stressors should impact survival of high quality males less than low quality males. I will add stressors unrelated to elaborate traits and quantify whether trait elaboration influences survival (Project 2). I will also test the prediction that females receive indirect-fitness benefits from mating with preferred mates (Project 3). Using a repetitive mating tournament, I will rank-order males based on how strongly females prefer them, and then mate females to the most and least preferred males. I will test whether most and least preferred males differ in their elaborate traits, and whether the offspring of most preferred males have higher viability, produce more elaborate traits, have stronger preferences, have higher fecundity, and have higher survival than the offspring of least preferred males. Project 3 will also enable me to partition out the variance due to genes and environment and test whether environmentally induced variation in condition can be transmitted from father to offspring.******By integrating approaches from behaviour, ecology, physiology, psychology, evolution and genetics, my research program will help biologists understand the evolution of mating preferences and how variation is maintained in traits that confer fitness.

寻找配偶可能是昂贵的，因为它使雌性暴露在捕食者面前，并占用了其他任务的时间。我的主要研究目标是了解为什么在面对这些代价时配偶偏好会进化。大多数间接适应性利益假说认为，交配偏好的进化是因为精心设计的性状反映了更大的后代生存或繁殖成功（好基因）。** 项目1通过评估营养如何影响与性能性状变化相关的生理和认知基础，为测试第二性征与条件相关的理论奠定了基础。能量储存差异、肌肉代谢能力或代谢率导致的生理能力差异可能是条件变化的基础，因此我将量化营养如何影响生理和代谢表现，以及对精细性状和偏好的相应影响。或者，条件的变化可能是由于个人收集、保留和使用信息的方式不同造成的，所以我将量化营养如何影响认知表现，以及对精细特征和偏好的相应影响。总之，这些实验将回答“什么是条件？"*项目2和3直接测试基于生存能力的指标理论，确定性选择的特征是否反映了压力下的生存，以及与非常有吸引力的男性交配的女性是否产生具有更高生存能力或生殖价值的后代。由于生存能力为基础的指标模型假设高品质的男性遭受比低品质的男性从性状阐述的成本，压力应该影响高品质的男性生存比低品质的男性。我将增加与精细化特质无关的压力源，并量化特质精细化是否会影响生存（项目2）。我还将测试女性从与首选配偶交配中获得间接健康益处的预测（项目3）。使用重复的交配比赛，我将根据女性对男性的偏好程度对男性进行排名，然后将女性与最喜欢和最不喜欢的男性交配。我将测试最喜欢和最不喜欢的男性是否在他们的精心制作的性状不同，以及最喜欢的男性的后代是否有更高的生存能力，产生更精致的性状，有更强的偏好，有更高的繁殖力，比最不喜欢的男性的后代有更高的生存率。项目3还将使我能够划分出由于基因和环境引起的差异，并测试环境引起的条件变化是否可以从父亲传递给后代。通过整合行为，生态学，生理学，心理学，进化和遗传学的方法，我的研究计划将帮助生物学家了解交配偏好的进化以及如何保持赋予健康的特征的变化。