Fire Protection for Hazardous Materials Pressure Vessels

危险材料压力容器的防火

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05627
• 负责人: Birk, Albrecht
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=645511
• 关键词: Fire; Protection; Hazardous; Materials; Pressure

The recent events at Lac Megantic ,Quebec and others in North America shocked Canada and the world. How is it possible that crude oil could explode? These explosions are called boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVE) and have been known for decades. These types of explosions happen every year around the world. They are typically associated with liquefied gases such as propane or LPG. However, when a flammable liquid like light crude oil is heated in a closed pressure vessel, the outcome can be a BLEVE or BLEVE-like event when that container fails. ******BLEVEs of flammable commodities usually involve huge fireballs, explosion blast waves and projectiles. These hazards can destroy buildings and kill people over distances of hundreds of meters.  Our understanding of BLEVEs and their associated hazards has improved greatly over the last two decades due to focused research by a small number of academic, government and industrial researchers. However, there is still much to be learned. A major theme of current research is to find cost effective ways of stopping or delaying BLEVEs from happening when there is an accident. ***This is multidisciplinary research. It involves structural mechanics, fracture mechanics, high temperature stress rupture, conduction, convection, boiling and radiation heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, two-phase flow, and fluid structure interaction. It requires sophisticated experimental research and numerical modelling. ****The research proposed in this application is intended to further improve our understanding of the BLEVE event and to develop improved methods of prediction and analysis so we can better define the risks to our citizens. We plan to study the detailed mechanisms so we can determine ways to reduce the hazards and risk associated with storage and transportation of these commodities. We will also study innovative mitigation methods such as new insulating coatings to find the most cost effective solutions to this growing problem. We need this detailed knowledge so we can perform the necessary cost-benefit analysis to select the most cost effective solutions. This is a challenge because we must protect many thousands of vessels, and we must wait years to reduce the risk of one major accident. ******Dr Birk and his students will conduct small scale experiments to study the BLEVE explosions from various commodities including propane and certain light crude oils. We will develop and validate mathematical models that allow us to predict the close-in hazards from BLEVEs. We will also conduct small and large scale experiments to study innovative mitigation methods such as pressure relief devices and thermal protection. ***Dr Birk will train 1-2 PhD students and 2-4 MSc students along with five undergraduate summer research students. These individuals will go on to work for energy and chemical companies, consulting firms, academic institutions and government regulators. *** **

最近在魁北克梅甘提克湖和北美其他地区发生的事件震惊了加拿大和世界。 原油怎么可能会爆炸呢？这些爆炸被称为沸腾液体膨胀蒸气爆炸 (BLEVE)，几十年来一直为人所知。世界各地每年都会发生此类爆炸。它们通常与丙烷或液化石油气等液化气体有关。然而，当轻质原油等易燃液体在密闭压力容器中加热时，当该容器发生故障时，结果可能是 BLEVE 或类似 BLEVE 的事件。 ******易燃商品的BLEVE通常涉及巨大的火球、爆炸冲击波和射弹。这些危险可能会摧毁数百米范围内的建筑物并导致人员死亡。  由于少数学术界、政府和工业研究人员的集中研究，我们对 BLEVE 及其相关危害的了解在过去二十年中得到了极大的提高。然而，仍有很多东西需要学习。当前研究的一个主题是找到具有成本效益的方法来阻止或延迟发生事故时 BLEVE 的发生。 ***这是多学科研究。涉及结构力学、断裂力学、高温应力破裂、传导、对流、沸腾和辐射传热、热力学、流体动力学、两相流、流体结构相互作用等。它需要复杂的实验研究和数值建模。 ****本申请中提出的研究旨在进一步提高我们对 BLEVE 事件的理解，并开发改进的预测和分析方法，以便我们能够更好地确定公民面临的风险。我们计划研究详细的机制，以便确定减少与这些商品储存和运输相关的危害和风险的方法。我们还将研究创新的缓解方法，例如新型绝缘涂层，以找到最具成本效益的解决方案来解决这一日益严重的问题。我们需要这些详细的知识，以便我们可以进行必要的成本效益分析，以选择最具成本效益的解决方案。这是一项挑战，因为我们必须保护数千艘船只，而且必须等待数年才能降低发生重大事故的风险。 ******Birk 博士和他的学生将进行小规模实验，研究各种商品（包括丙烷和某些轻质原油）的 BLEVE 爆炸。我们将开发并验证数学模型，使我们能够预测 BLEVE 造成的近距离危险。我们还将进行小规模和大规模的实验，以研究创新的缓解方法，例如泄压装置和热保护。 ***Birk 博士将培训 1-2 名博士生、2-4 名硕士生以及 5 名本科生暑期研究生。这些人将继续为能源和化工公司、咨询公司、学术机构和政府监管机构工作。 ** **