Biogenesis of the plant ribosome and its role in plant growth and development

植物核糖体的生物发生及其在植物生长发育中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04108
• 负责人: BonhamSmith, Peta
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=645778
• 关键词: Biogenesis; plant; ribosome; its; role

Ribosomes are fundamental constituents of all living cells - natural nano-machines responsible for the conversion of the information stored as DNA in the nucleus, into proteins capable of doing work within a cell, tissue or organism.The two subunits (large: 60 S and small: 40 S) of a ribosome are together comprised of 81 proteins (ribosomal proteins: RPs) located on a scaffold of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). My research program is focused on understanding ribosome biogenesis - the making of a ribosome, in plants. For each RP, plants have in their genomes between 2 and 7 genes from which the same RP, with some degree of variation in structure (an isoform), can be made. To build a ribosome, a large number of other proteins, ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs), as well as other factors, are required. In plants, for each RBF there is again a family of genes that produce slightly different variations (isoforms) of each factor. This level of variation between isoforms suggests that within any one plant cell or tissue, the ribosome population may be homogeneous - all with the same ability to synthesis a 'house-keeping' array of proteins, or the ribosome population may be heterogeneous whereby ribosomes with different isoform compositions enable a plant to respond to changing environments (internal or external to the cell) by selectively synthesizing specialized proteins that can function within the changed environment. By having such a repertoire of ribosomes available to it, a plant is enabled to withstand a multitude of changing environmental conditions. In my research program, we are focusing on a select number of RP and RBF families, in the model dicot plant Arabidopsis, to identify the role of the family isoforms in plant ribosome biogenesis and function. The five RP families that we are initially focusing on each have two or three isoforms and the RBF family is comprised of four isoforms. We will be carrying out molecular and cellular biological, biochemical and physiological studies on the isoforms, as well as on plants carrying mutations for each isoform, to identify their role(s) in plant adaptability to changing environmental conditions.***Understanding the assembly and function of specialized ribosomes will provide us the means to engineer controlled, optimized responses of future crop plants to future climate change conditions and offer the opportunity to build ribosomes in vitro that are capable of the highly specialized synthesis of specific proteins or families of proteins.

核糖体是所有活细胞的基本组成部分-天然的纳米机器，负责将储存在细胞核中的DNA信息转化为能够在细胞、组织或生物体内工作的蛋白质。核糖体的两个亚基（大：60 S和小：40 S）共同由81种蛋白质（核糖体蛋白质：RP）组成，位于核糖体RNA（rRNA）支架上。我的研究项目集中在理解核糖体生物合成-核糖体的制造，在植物中。对于每个RP，植物在它们的基因组中具有2至7个基因，从这些基因可以制备具有一定程度的结构变异（同种型）的相同RP。为了构建核糖体，需要大量的其他蛋白质、核糖体生物发生因子（RBFs）以及其他因子。在植物中，每个RBF又有一个基因家族，每个因子产生略微不同的变异（同种型）。同种型之间的这种变异水平表明，在任何一个植物细胞或组织内，核糖体群体可能是同质的-都具有相同的合成“管家”蛋白质阵列的能力，或者核糖体群体可以是异质的，由此具有不同同种型组成的核糖体使得植物能够响应变化的环境通过选择性地合成可以在改变的环境中发挥作用的专门蛋白质来改变细胞（内部或外部）。通过拥有这样的核糖体库，植物能够承受多种变化的环境条件。在我的研究计划中，我们专注于选择一些RP和RBF家族，在模式双子叶植物拟南芥中，以确定家族异构体在植物核糖体生物发生和功能中的作用。我们最初关注的五个RP家族每个都有两个或三个亚型，而RBF家族由四个亚型组成。我们将对这些异构体以及携带每种异构体突变的植物进行分子和细胞生物学、生物化学和生理学研究，以确定它们在植物适应不断变化的环境条件中的作用。了解专门的核糖体的组装和功能将为我们提供一种手段，以工程控制，优化未来作物对未来气候变化条件的反应，并提供机会，在体外建立核糖体，能够高度专业化的特定蛋白质或蛋白质家族的合成。