Characterization of Crustacean Innate Immune Response

甲壳动物先天免疫反应的表征

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05894
• 负责人: Clark, Kenneth
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=647771
• 关键词: Characterization; Crustacean; Innate; Immune; Response

A broad understanding of animal immunology requires understanding the diversity of specialized immune-related molecules in species from diverse evolutionary linages. This is especially true for innate immune responses which are fundamental immunological processes shared by vertebrate and invertebrate animals. However, our current understanding of innate immunity is focused on model organisms such as humans and mice; where extensive genomic resources exist. Our understanding of the breadth and scope of innate immune responses in non-model species has been limited by our inability to use high-through genomic approaches. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology permit the comprehensive examination and discovery of immune-related transcripts in non-model organisms. Novel immune molecule discovery will require pathogen challenge experiments accompanied by differential expression and bioinformatic analysis and directed functional assays to comprehensively assign biological function.***The Arthropoda phylum encompasses the most abundant and biologically successful animals on earth; with the oceans dominated by diverse species of crustaceans. Comparative innate immunology in invertebrates has largely focused on terrestrial invertebrates such as Drosophila spp. This has left major gaps in our knowledge of crustacean immunology. Traditional approaches to crustacean immunology relied on light and electron microscopy approaches. The application of high-throughput sequencing approaches holds great promise for significantly expanding our understanding of invertebrate immunology.***I have recently generated multiple transcriptomes of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) under pathogen and environmental stress challenges; as well as transcriptomes from several crustacean species which share habitats with H. americanus. These transcriptomic resources represent an exciting basis for examining comparative immunology at both the bioinformatic and functional level. ***The long-term goals of my research program focus on understanding the capabilities and mechanisms underlying crustacean innate immunity. I have three major objectives for this proposal:***Objective 1. To determine the conservation and diversity of pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor and Immunodeficiency intracellular signaling molecules and antimicrobial peptides among decapod crustaceans. ***Objective 2. To discover and functionally annotate American lobster (Homarus americanus) genes involved in responding to bacterial infection. ***Objective 3. To characterize the bioactivity of antimicrobial peptides against a panel of specific and opportunistic pathogens of marine crustaceans.***These studies will broaden our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying Homarus americanus innate immunity specifically, and invertebrate immunology more broadly.*****

对动物免疫学的广泛理解需要理解来自不同进化谱系的物种中专门的免疫相关分子的多样性。这对于先天免疫应答尤其如此，先天免疫应答是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物共有的基本免疫过程。然而，我们目前对先天免疫的理解主要集中在模型生物，如人类和小鼠，其中存在广泛的基因组资源。我们对非模式物种先天免疫反应的广度和范围的理解受到了我们无法使用高通量基因组方法的限制。基因组测序技术的最新进展允许在非模式生物中全面检查和发现免疫相关转录本。新的免疫分子发现将需要病原体挑战实验，伴随着差异表达和生物信息学分析以及定向功能测定，以全面分配生物功能。节肢动物门包括地球上最丰富和生物学上最成功的动物;海洋主要由各种甲壳类动物组成。无脊椎动物的比较先天免疫学主要集中在陆地无脊椎动物，如果蝇属。这给我们的甲壳动物免疫学知识留下了重大空白。甲壳动物免疫学的传统方法依赖于光学和电子显微镜方法。高通量测序方法的应用为显着扩大我们对无脊椎动物免疫学的理解带来了巨大的希望。我最近产生了多个转录组的美国龙虾（Homarus americanus）的病原体和环境压力的挑战，以及转录组从几个甲壳类物种共享栖息地与H。美国人这些转录组资源代表了在生物信息学和功能水平上研究比较免疫学的令人兴奋的基础。* 我的研究计划的长期目标集中在理解甲壳动物先天免疫的能力和机制。我的建议有三个主要目标：** 目标1。目的探讨模式识别受体、Toll样受体、免疫缺陷细胞内信号分子和抗菌肽在十足类甲壳动物中的保守性和多样性。* 目标2。发现美洲龙虾（Homarus americanus）与细菌感染应答相关的基因并进行功能注释。* 目标3。确定抗微生物肽对一组海洋甲壳类动物特异性和条件致病菌的生物活性。***这些研究将拓宽我们对美洲长吻猴先天免疫的生理机制的理解，以及更广泛的无脊椎动物免疫学。