Spatial-temporal bio-optics and ocean colour remote sensing of coastal waters of British Columbia

沿海海洋具有高度动态性，具有重大的生物地球化学、生态和经济重要性。从经济上讲，沿海海洋集中了需求量不断增加的海洋资源，因此需要加强对这些地区的监测和管理。为了成功完成这些任务，需要在不同时间和空间尺度提供信息的方法，这必须涉及一定程度的连续和持续的数据收集。不列颠哥伦比亚省 (BC) 沿海水域是一个受陆地和海洋输入强烈影响的时空动态沿海系统。****我的目标是利用生物光学和遥感确定 BC 沿海水域的时空动态，以测试关于春季浮游植物水华物候（时间、持续时间和幅度）以及有害藻类水华发生的空间和时间域波动的假设。为了实现这一目标，五年提案中确定了三个目标。在第一个目标中，我将评估萨利什海、夏洛特皇后海峡-赫卡特海峡和温哥华岛西海岸水域的时空生物光学变异性，旨在改进基于海洋颜色卫星的算法，以检索生物地球化学变量（2002年至今），并测试浮游植物水华物候和环境强迫的时空变异性假设。第二个目标旨在确定优化方法，以通过穿越乔治亚海峡的移动渡轮中的无人值守辐射计获得连续的水面原位反射率。这些辐射计是最近获奖的 Ferry Ocean Color Observation Systems (FOCOS) 项目的一部分。这一目标将有助于开发基于区域反射率的算法，以检索水的生物地球化学特性并验证海洋颜色图像的大气校正。作为第三个目标的一部分，我将开发基于反射率的模型来定义有害藻华（HAB），以评估萨利希海和温哥华岛西海岸水域的时空变化假设，并为水产养殖业提供预警HAB检测方法。作为这些目标的一部分，HQP 将接受科学“具体细节”方面的培训，从使用尖端技术到分析长期系列数据以解决海洋学和资源管理问题。****浮游植物水华变异和 BC 沿海水域 HAB 的出现被认为是导致过去 50 年鲑鱼种群回归的巨大变异的原因之一。 HAB 也是 BC 省沿海水域养殖鲑鱼的主要杀手。拟议的研究将使 HQP 和我能够为加拿大面临的环境挑战做出重要贡献，例如水产养殖业的可持续性和其他渔业管理问题。 **

Coastal oceans are highly dynamic and of great biogeochemical, ecological, and economic importance. Economically, coastal oceans concentrate marine resources that are increasingly in demand, thus requiring increasing monitoring and managing of these regions. To succeed in these tasks, approaches that provide information at various time and spatial scales are needed, which must involve a degree of both continuous and sustained data collection. One temporally and spatially dynamic coastal system under strong influence of terrestrial and oceanic inputs is the coastal waters of British Columbia (BC).****My goal is to determine the spatial-temporal dynamics of BC coastal waters using bio-optics and remote sensing to test hypotheses on spatial and time domain fluctuations in the spring phytoplankton bloom phenology (timing, duration, and amplitude) and on occurrence of harmful algae blooms. To address this goal, three objectives were defined as part of this five years proposal. In the first objective I will assess the spatial-temporal bio-optical variability of the waters of the Salish Sea, Queen Charlotte Sound-Hecate Strait, and the west coast of Vancouver Island aiming to improve algorithms based on ocean colour satellites to retrieve biogeochemical variables (2002 to present), and test hypothesis on spatial and time domain variability of phytoplankton bloom phenology and environmental forcing. Second objective aims to define optimized approaches to obtain continuous above-water in situ reflectance from unattended radiometers in moving ferries crossing the Strait of Georgia. The radiometers are part of a recently awarded project Ferry Ocean Colour Observation Systems (FOCOS). This objective will enable the development of regional reflectance based algorithms to retrieve biogeochemical properties of the water and to validate atmospheric correction of ocean colour imagery. As part of the third objective, I will develop reflectance based models to define harmful algae blooms (HABs) to assess hypothesis of spatial and time domain variability in the waters of the Salish Sea and west coast of Vancouver Island and provide an early warning HABs detection method for the aquaculture industry. As part of these objectives, the HQP will be trained in the "nuts and bolts" of science, from using cutting-edge technology to analyzing long-time series of data to address oceanographic and resource management questions.****Phytoplankton bloom variability and occurrence of HABs in the BC coastal waters are suggested to contribute to the large variability in the salmon populations return in the past 50 years. HABs are also the principal killer of farmed salmon in BC coastal waters. The proposed research will enable HQP and I to make important contributions to environmental challenges facing Canada such as, the sustainability of the aquaculture industry and other fisheries management issues.**