Spatial-temporal bio-optics and ocean colour remote sensing of coastal waters of British Columbia

沿海海洋是高度动态的，具有重要的生物地球化学、生态和经济意义。在经济上，沿海海洋集中了日益需要的海洋资源，因此需要加强对这些区域的监测和管理。为了成功完成这些任务，需要在不同时间和空间尺度上提供信息的方法，这必须涉及一定程度的连续和持续的数据收集。不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）沿海水域是受陆地和海洋输入强烈影响的一个时空动态海岸系统。****我的目标是利用生物光学和遥感来确定BC省沿海水域的时空动态，以测试关于春季浮游植物开花物候（时间、持续时间和幅度）的空间和时域波动以及有害藻类开花发生的假设。为了实现这一目标，在这项五年建议中确定了三个目标。在第一个目标中，我将评估萨利希海、夏洛特女王海峡-赫卡特海峡和温哥华岛西海岸水域的时空生物光学变异性，旨在改进基于海洋颜色卫星的算法，以检索生物地球化学变量（2002年至今），并检验浮游植物开花物候和环境强迫的空间和时域变异性假设。第二个目标旨在确定优化的方法，以便在穿越格鲁吉亚海峡的移动渡轮上从无人看管的辐射计获得连续的水上原位反射。辐射计是最近授予的项目Ferry Ocean Colour Observation Systems （FOCOS）的一部分。这一目标将使基于区域反射率的算法得以发展，以检索水的生物地球化学特性，并验证海洋彩色图像的大气校正。作为第三个目标的一部分，我将开发基于反射的模型来定义有害藻华（HABs），以评估萨利希海和温哥华岛西海岸水域的空间和时域变异性假设，并为水产养殖业提供早期预警HABs检测方法。作为这些目标的一部分，HQP将接受科学“具体细节”方面的培训，从使用尖端技术到分析长期数据系列，以解决海洋学和资源管理问题。****在过去的50年里，BC省沿海水域浮游植物华度的变化和赤潮的发生被认为是鲑鱼种群回归的巨大变化的原因。有害藻华也是不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海水域养殖鲑鱼的主要杀手。拟议的研究将使HQP和我能够为加拿大面临的环境挑战做出重要贡献，例如，水产养殖业的可持续性和其他渔业管理问题

Coastal oceans are highly dynamic and of great biogeochemical, ecological, and economic importance. Economically, coastal oceans concentrate marine resources that are increasingly in demand, thus requiring increasing monitoring and managing of these regions. To succeed in these tasks, approaches that provide information at various time and spatial scales are needed, which must involve a degree of both continuous and sustained data collection. One temporally and spatially dynamic coastal system under strong influence of terrestrial and oceanic inputs is the coastal waters of British Columbia (BC).****My goal is to determine the spatial-temporal dynamics of BC coastal waters using bio-optics and remote sensing to test hypotheses on spatial and time domain fluctuations in the spring phytoplankton bloom phenology (timing, duration, and amplitude) and on occurrence of harmful algae blooms. To address this goal, three objectives were defined as part of this five years proposal. In the first objective I will assess the spatial-temporal bio-optical variability of the waters of the Salish Sea, Queen Charlotte Sound-Hecate Strait, and the west coast of Vancouver Island aiming to improve algorithms based on ocean colour satellites to retrieve biogeochemical variables (2002 to present), and test hypothesis on spatial and time domain variability of phytoplankton bloom phenology and environmental forcing. Second objective aims to define optimized approaches to obtain continuous above-water in situ reflectance from unattended radiometers in moving ferries crossing the Strait of Georgia. The radiometers are part of a recently awarded project Ferry Ocean Colour Observation Systems (FOCOS). This objective will enable the development of regional reflectance based algorithms to retrieve biogeochemical properties of the water and to validate atmospheric correction of ocean colour imagery. As part of the third objective, I will develop reflectance based models to define harmful algae blooms (HABs) to assess hypothesis of spatial and time domain variability in the waters of the Salish Sea and west coast of Vancouver Island and provide an early warning HABs detection method for the aquaculture industry. As part of these objectives, the HQP will be trained in the "nuts and bolts" of science, from using cutting-edge technology to analyzing long-time series of data to address oceanographic and resource management questions.****Phytoplankton bloom variability and occurrence of HABs in the BC coastal waters are suggested to contribute to the large variability in the salmon populations return in the past 50 years. HABs are also the principal killer of farmed salmon in BC coastal waters. The proposed research will enable HQP and I to make important contributions to environmental challenges facing Canada such as, the sustainability of the aquaculture industry and other fisheries management issues.**