Spatial-temporal bio-optics and ocean colour remote sensing of coastal waters of British Columbia

沿海海洋具有高度的动态性，具有巨大的生物地球化学、生态和经济重要性。从经济上讲，沿海海洋集中了需求日益增加的海洋资源，因此需要加强对这些区域的监测和管理。为了成功地完成这些任务，需要在不同的时间和空间尺度上提供信息的方法，这必须涉及一定程度的连续和持续的数据收集。受陆地和海洋输入强烈影响的一个时空动态海岸系统是不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）的沿海沃茨。*我的目标是确定BC沿海沃茨的时空动态，使用生物光学和遥感测试的空间和时间域波动的假设在春季浮游植物水华物候（时间，持续时间和幅度）和有害藻类水华的发生。为了实现这一目标，五年计划确定了三个目标。在第一个目标中，我将评估的空间-时间的生物光学变化的沃茨的萨利希海，夏洛特女王声音-赫卡特海峡，和西海岸的温哥华岛，旨在改善算法的基础上海洋颜色卫星检索地球化学变量（2002年至今），并测试假设的空间和时间域的浮游植物水华物候和环境强迫的变化。第二个目标的目的是确定优化的方法，以获得连续的水上原位反射无人值守的辐射计在移动渡轮穿越格鲁吉亚海峡。这些辐射计是最近获得的渡轮海洋颜色观测系统（FOCOS）项目的一部分。这一目标将使区域反射率为基础的算法，以检索水的地球化学特性和验证海洋颜色图像的大气校正的发展。作为第三个目标的一部分，我将开发基于反射率的模型来定义有害藻华（HABs），以评估空间和时间域的变化在沃茨的萨利希海和温哥华岛西海岸的假设，并提供一个早期预警HABs检测方法的水产养殖业。作为这些目标的一部分，HQP将接受科学“螺母和螺栓”的培训，从使用尖端技术到分析长期数据序列，以解决海洋学和资源管理问题。浮游植物水华的变异性和发生的有害生物在不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海沃茨的建议，有助于在鲑鱼种群的回报在过去50年的大的变化。有害生物也是不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海沃茨养殖鲑鱼的主要杀手。拟议的研究将使HQP和我对加拿大面临的环境挑战做出重要贡献，例如水产养殖业的可持续性和其他渔业管理问题。

Coastal oceans are highly dynamic and of great biogeochemical, ecological, and economic importance. Economically, coastal oceans concentrate marine resources that are increasingly in demand, thus requiring increasing monitoring and managing of these regions. To succeed in these tasks, approaches that provide information at various time and spatial scales are needed, which must involve a degree of both continuous and sustained data collection. One temporally and spatially dynamic coastal system under strong influence of terrestrial and oceanic inputs is the coastal waters of British Columbia (BC).****My goal is to determine the spatial-temporal dynamics of BC coastal waters using bio-optics and remote sensing to test hypotheses on spatial and time domain fluctuations in the spring phytoplankton bloom phenology (timing, duration, and amplitude) and on occurrence of harmful algae blooms. To address this goal, three objectives were defined as part of this five years proposal. In the first objective I will assess the spatial-temporal bio-optical variability of the waters of the Salish Sea, Queen Charlotte Sound-Hecate Strait, and the west coast of Vancouver Island aiming to improve algorithms based on ocean colour satellites to retrieve biogeochemical variables (2002 to present), and test hypothesis on spatial and time domain variability of phytoplankton bloom phenology and environmental forcing. Second objective aims to define optimized approaches to obtain continuous above-water in situ reflectance from unattended radiometers in moving ferries crossing the Strait of Georgia. The radiometers are part of a recently awarded project Ferry Ocean Colour Observation Systems (FOCOS). This objective will enable the development of regional reflectance based algorithms to retrieve biogeochemical properties of the water and to validate atmospheric correction of ocean colour imagery. As part of the third objective, I will develop reflectance based models to define harmful algae blooms (HABs) to assess hypothesis of spatial and time domain variability in the waters of the Salish Sea and west coast of Vancouver Island and provide an early warning HABs detection method for the aquaculture industry. As part of these objectives, the HQP will be trained in the "nuts and bolts" of science, from using cutting-edge technology to analyzing long-time series of data to address oceanographic and resource management questions.****Phytoplankton bloom variability and occurrence of HABs in the BC coastal waters are suggested to contribute to the large variability in the salmon populations return in the past 50 years. HABs are also the principal killer of farmed salmon in BC coastal waters. The proposed research will enable HQP and I to make important contributions to environmental challenges facing Canada such as, the sustainability of the aquaculture industry and other fisheries management issues.**