Study of wastewater remediation efficiency by green algae

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To preserve freshwater quality, wastewater remediation directly from pollution generating sources can reduce the risk of toxicity for natural ecosystems and human health. Detoxification mechanisms of green algae enabling to control accumulated contaminants can be used for water remediation. In this research program, metabolic pathways related to glutathione will be exploited in a new biotechnological approach, aiming at the removal of metallic contaminants from wastewater. Our main objective is to study the efficiency of enzymatic activities involved in phytochelatins and glutathione S-transferase metabolic pathways for algal strains grown in photobioreactors under changing environmental conditions. The bioaccumulation efficiency will be evaluated for various algal strains, under abiotic conditions and in relation to chemical properties of metallic species. Chlamydomonas strains will be selected for having the best photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative stress resistance when accumulating high content of metallic contaminants in cells. Studies will also be done on algal cells immobilized in a matrix of calcium-alginate providing an environment permeable to water, transparent to light and non-toxic to living cells. Therefore, this research program will determine biotic and abiotic parameters for the development of bioreactors having a high-efficient capacity to remediate wastewater containing metallic contaminants. This program will also contribute to the training of highly qualified personnel in environmental toxicology and chemistry related to water remediation and quality. In conclusion, this research shall lead to the development of a new biotechnology using immobilized algae to bioaccumulate metallic contaminants and remediate wastewater output from industries to protect the quality of freshwater environment.