Materials Chemistry Applications that Support the Nuclear Industry

支持核工业的材料化学应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06196
• 负责人: Kaye, Matthew
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Ontario Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=655221
• 关键词: Materials; Chemistry; Applications; Support; Nuclear

The proposed research is intended to support the nuclear industry in the research areas of applied thermodynamics, high temperature materials chemistry, and aqueous chemistry at elevated temperatures. It has been established that there are material chemistry issues related to all aspects of the fuel cycle, from processing yellow cake, design of new fuel, the next generation of nuclear reactors, and waste disposal of spent fuel. While progress has been made to develop thermodynamic models for describing the behaviour of fuel in various environments (i.e., gaseous, aqueous) issues remain, and as the need to produce environmentally responsible forms of energy increases in the 21st century, it is essential that solutions to these issues be found.***One of the basic tools for high temperature materials is the phase diagram and phase diagram evaluation. The proposed research will build on the primary investigator's background in applying thermodynamic phase diagram modelling to systems of interest. Previous work by the PI has modelled various metallic alloy systems known to form in burned up fuel. The quaternary system of Pd-Sn-Sb-Te and the ternary Pd-Ag-Cd are known to be important during accident scenarios: the quaternary in aerosols in the heat transfer circuit and the ternary with the control rods. As well, there are other metallic alloy systems that may be suitable liquid coolants in the next generation of reactors.***In the area of proposed new fuels, uranium carbides and nitrides show potential, but are not as well understood as UO2. Further, replacing uranium with thorium (or using both together) may be of interest. Understanding how these systems behave is the first step in developing them into fuel, and is important in considering accident scenarios.***A multi-year and multi-faceted approach is being proposed, continuing experimental work being performed at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and other methods. Continuing collaborations with the Canadian Nuclear Labs (Chalk River) as the PI and CNL have a long standing history. Internationally, the PI has developed links to the major research institutions in Europe (e.g., CEA, ITU, and IRSN). This has allowed for the potential to do experimental work in conjunction with these partners in areas of mutual interest.***In collaboration with colleagues at UOIT, studies of proposed disposal methods for fuel are planned. The models for fuel, while developed for high temperature behaviour can be adapted to an aqueous environment (e.g., storage bays) or proposed environments for underground burial. The work also lends itself to studying corrosion in various nuclear applications. In conclusion, this work will strengthen the links between experimental work performed at UOIT (or elsewhere) and the thermodynamic and thermochemical models that can be subsequently developed.**

拟议的研究旨在支持核工业的应用热力学、高温材料化学和高温水化学研究领域。已经确定，燃料循环的各个方面都存在材料化学问题，从黄饼加工、新燃料设计、下一代核反应堆到乏燃料废物处理。虽然在开发用于描述燃料在各种环境（即气态、水态）中行为的热力学模型方面取得了进展，但问题仍然存在，并且随着 21 世纪生产对环境负责的能源形式的需求的增加，找到这些问题的解决方案至关重要。***高温材料的基本工具之一是相图和相图评估。拟议的研究将建立在主要研究者将热力学相图建模应用于感兴趣的系统的背景之上。 PI 之前的工作已经对已知在燃烧的燃料中形成的各种金属合金系统进行了建模。众所周知，Pd-Sn-Sb-Te 四元系统和 Pd-Ag-Cd 三元系统在事故场景中非常重要：传热回路中气溶胶中的四元系统和控制棒中的三元系统。此外，还有其他金属合金系统可能成为下一代反应堆中合适的液体冷却剂。***在拟议的新燃料领域，碳化铀和氮化铀显示出潜力，但不像 UO2 那样被充分了解。此外，用钍代替铀（或同时使用两者）可能会引起人们的兴趣。了解这些系统的行为方式是将其开发为燃料的第一步，对于考虑事故情况也很重要。***我们正在提出一种为期多年、多方面的方法，并在安大略理工大学使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、差热分析 (DTA) 和其他方法继续进行实验工作。作为 PI 和 CNL 与加拿大核实验室（Chalk River）的持续合作有着悠久的历史。在国际上，PI 与欧洲主要研究机构（例如 CEA、ITU 和 IRSN）建立了联系。这使得我们有可能与这些合作伙伴在共同感兴趣的领域进行实验工作。***与 UOIT 的同事合作，计划对拟议的燃料处置方法进行研究。燃料模型虽然是针对高温行为而开发的，但可以适应水环境（例如储存室）或拟议的地下掩埋环境。这项工作还有助于研究各种核应用中的腐蚀。总之，这项工作将加强在 UOIT（或其他地方）进行的实验工作与随后开发的热力学和热化学模型之间的联系。**